Ukugqwala okuningi kwezinto zensimbi kwenzeka endaweni esemoyeni, ngoba umkhathi uqukethe izingxenye ezigqwalayo ezifana nomoya-mpilo nokungcola, kanye nezici zokugqwala ezifana nomswakama kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. I-salt spray corrosion ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu futhi ezibhubhisayo zomoya.
Isimiso sokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti
Ukugqwala kwezinto zensimbi ngesifutho sikasawoti kubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ukungena kwesisombululo sikasawoti esisebenzayo ensimbi kanye nokusabela kwe-electrochemical, okwenza uhlelo lwebhethri elincane "lensimbi engaba khona ephansi - isisombululo se-electrolyte - ukungcola okunamandla aphezulu". Ukudluliswa kwe-electron kwenzeka, futhi insimbi njengoba i-anode incibilika futhi yakhe inhlanganisela entsha, okungukuthi ukugqwala. I-chloride ion idlala indima enkulu enqubweni yokulimala kokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, esinamandla angena anamandla, ukungena kalula kungqimba lwensimbi yensimbi, kucekele phansi isimo esibuthuntu sensimbi; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-chloride ion inamandla amancane kakhulu e-hydration, okulula ukukhangiswa ebusweni bensimbi, esikhundleni somoya-mpilo ongqimbeni lwe-oxide ovikela insimbi, ukuze insimbi yonakaliswe.
Izindlela zokuhlola ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti kanye nezigaba
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kuyindlela yokuhlola ukumelana nokugqwala esheshisiwe yomkhathi wokwenziwa. Kuyi-concentration of brine atomized; Bese ufafaza ebhokisini elivaliwe le-thermostatic, ngokubheka ushintsho lwesampula elihloliwe elibekwe ebhokisini isikhathi esithile ukuze libonise ukumelana nokugqwala kwesampula elihloliwe, kuyindlela yokuhlola esheshisiwe, ukugcwala kukasawoti endaweni yesifutho sikasawoti we-chloride. , kodwa imvelo evamile yokuqukethwe kwesifutho sikasawoti kasawoti izikhathi eziningana noma izikhathi eziningi, ukuze izinga lokugqwala libe ngcono kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti emkhiqizweni, Isikhathi sokuthola imiphumela siye sancishiswa kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti ngaphambi nangemuva
Isikhathi sokugqwala sesampula yomkhiqizo singase sithathe unyaka noma ngisho neminyaka embalwa uma sihlolwa endaweni yemvelo, kodwa imiphumela efanayo ingatholwa ngezinsuku noma ngisho namahora lapho ihlolwa endaweni yokwenziwa yokufuthwa kukasawoti.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezine:
① Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esimaphakathi (NSS)
② Ukuhlolwa kwe-acetic acid spray (AASS)
③ Ukuhlolwa kwe-acetic acid okusheshisiwe kwe-acetic acid (CASS)
(4) Ukuhlola isifutho sikasawoti esishintshayo
Imishini yokuhlola ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti
Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti
Izindlela zokuhlola zokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti zifaka indlela yokulinganisa, indlela yokuhlola isenzakalo sokugqwala kanye nendlela yokukala.
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Indlela yokulinganisa
Indlela yokulinganisa ihlukanisa iphesenti lendawo yokugqwala endaweni ephelele ibe amamaki ambalwa ngokwendlela ethile, futhi ithatha ibanga elithile njengesisekelo sokwahlulela okufanelekayo. Le ndlela ilungele ukuhlolwa kwamasampula epuleti eliyisicaba. Isibonelo, i-GB/T 6461-2002, ISO 10289-2001, ASTM B537-70(2013), ASTM D1654-2005 bonke basebenzisa le ndlela ukuhlola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti.
Isilinganiso sokuvikela kanye nesilinganiso sokubukeka
Amanani e-RP kanye ne-RA abalwa kanje:
Lapho: I-RP iyinani lesilinganiso sokuvikela; I-RA yinani lokulinganisa ukubukeka; A iphesenti lengxenye egqwalile yensimbi ye-matrix endaweni ephelele lapho kubalwa i-RP; I-RA iyiphesenti lengxenye egqwalile yongqimba oluyisivikelo endaweni yonke.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kanye nokuhlola okuzimele
Isilinganiso sokuvikela sivezwa kanje: RA/ -
Isibonelo, lapho ukugqwala okuncane kudlula i-1% yendawo futhi kungaphansi kuka-2.5% wobuso, kuvezwa ngokuthi: 5/ -
Isilinganiso sokubukeka sivezwa njengalokhu: -/inani le-RA + ukuhlola okuzimele + izinga lokuhluleka kwembondela
Isibonelo, uma indawo yebala ingaphezu kuka-20%, yilena: -/2mA
Isilinganiso sokusebenza sivezwa njengevelu ye-RA + ukuhlolwa okuzimele + izinga lokuhluleka kwembondela
Isibonelo, uma kungekho ukugqwala kwensimbi ye-matrix kusampula, kodwa kukhona ukugqwala okuncane kwesendlalelo se-anodic esingaphansi kuka-1% wendawo yonke, kuchazwa ngokuthi 10/6sC
Isithombe sembondela esine-polarity eyinegethivu esibheke ensimbi engaphansi
02
Indlela yokuhlola ubukhona be-corrodes
Indlela yokuhlola ukugqwala iyindlela yokunquma ikhwalithi, isekelwe ekuhlolweni kokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, noma ngabe isenzakalo sokugqwala komkhiqizo ukuze kunqunywe isampula. Isibonelo, i-JB4 159-1999, i-GJB4.11-1983, i-GB/T 4288-2003 yamukele le ndlela yokuhlola imiphumela yokuhlola yesifutho sikasawoti.
Ithebula lesici sokugqwala sezingxenye ezivamile ze-electroplating ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti
Indlela yokubala yezinga lokugqwala:
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Umswakama obalulekile wokugqwala kwensimbi ungama-70%. Lapho umswakama ohlobene ufinyelela noma udlula lo mswakamo obalulekile, usawoti uzocoliswa ukuze wakhe i-electrolyte ene-conductivity enhle. Uma umswakama ohlobene uncipha, ukugxila kwekhambi likasawoti kuzokwanda kuze kube yilapho usawoti oyikristale uncipha, futhi izinga lokugqwala lizokwehla ngokufanele. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukunyakaza kwamangqamuzana kuyaqina futhi izinga lokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti esikhulu liyakhula. I-International Electrotechnical Commission iveza ukuthi izinga lokugqwala likhuphuka izikhathi ezi-2 ~ 3 kanye nokuqhutshwa kwe-electrolyte kukhuphuka ngo-10 ~ 20% kukho konke ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okungu-10℃. Ukuze kuhlolwe isifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi, ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elingu-35℃ lifanelekile.02Ukugxila kwesixazululo
I-engeli yokubeka yesampula
Isiqondiso se-sedimentation yesifutho sikasawoti siseduze nendawo eqondile. Uma isampula libekwe ngokuvundlile, indawo yalo yokuqagela inkulu, futhi indawo eyisampula ithwala isifutho sikasawoti esiningi, ngakho ukugqwala kubi kakhulu. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uma ipuleti lensimbi liyi-45 ° ukusuka kulayini ovundlile, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo sokugqwala ngemitha yesikwele ngasinye ngu-250g, futhi uma ipuleti lensimbi lihambisana nomugqa oqondile, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo sokugqwala kungu-140g ngemitha yesikwele. I-GB/T 2423.17-1993 indinganiso ithi: “Indlela yokubeka isampula eyisicaba izoba ngendlela yokuthi indawo ehloliwe izoba ku-Engeli engu-30° ukusuka ohlangothini oluqondile”.
04 PH
yehlisa i-pH, lapho i-hydrogen ions ikhula phezulu, i-asidi futhi igqwala. I-Neutral salt spray test (NSS) inani le-pH lingu-6.5~7.2. Ngenxa yethonya lezici zemvelo, inani le-pH lesisombululo sikasawoti lizoshintsha. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti, uhla lwenani le-pH lesisombululo sikasawoti lucaciswe ezingeni lokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti ekhaya naphesheya, futhi indlela yokusimamisa inani le-pH yesisombululo sikasawoti ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa iyaphakanyiswa.
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Inani lokufakwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kanye nendlela yokufutha
Lapho izinhlayiya zesifutho sikasawoti zicoleka, lapho zakha indawo engaphezulu, ziwukhangisa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, futhi zigqwala kakhulu. Ububi obusobala kakhulu bezindlela zokufutha zendabuko, okuhlanganisa indlela yesifutho somoya kanye nendlela yesifutho sombhoshongo, ukungafani kahle kwesifutho sikasawoti kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bezinhlayiya zesifutho sikasawoti. Izindlela ezihlukene zokufutha nazo zinomthelela ku-pH yesisombululo sikasawoti.
Amazinga ahlobene nokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti.
Lingakanani ihora lesifutho sikasawoti endaweni yemvelo?
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, eyodwa isivivinyo sokuchayeka emvelweni, esinye siwukuhlolwa kokwenziwa okusheshisiwe okulingisiwe kwesifutho sikasawoti imvelo.
Ukulingisa okwenziwa kokuhlolwa kwemvelo yesifutho sikasawoti ukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola enendawo yevolumu ethile - igumbi lokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti, endaweni yalo yevolumu enezindlela zokwenziwa zokwenza imvelo yesifutho sikasawoti ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yemvelo, ukugcwala kukasawoti we-chloride endaweni yesifutho sikasawoti kungaba izikhathi ezimbalwa noma izikhathi eziningi zokuqukethwe kwesifutho sikasawoti endaweni evamile yemvelo, ukuze ijubane lokugqwala libe ngcono kakhulu, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kuvuliwe. umkhiqizo ufinyezwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, kungase kuthathe unyaka ongu-1 ukuthi isampula lomkhiqizo lonakale ngaphansi kokuchayeka kwemvelo, kuyilapho imiphumela efanayo ingatholwa emahoreni angu-24 ngaphansi kwendawo yokwenziwa yokufutha usawoti.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti okulingisa okwenziwe kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi, ukuhlolwa kwesifutho se-acetate, usawoti wethusi osheshisa ukuhlolwa kwesifutho se-acetate, ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esishintshanayo.
(1) Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esimaphakathi (ukuhlolwa kwe-NSS) kuyindlela yokuhlola ukugqwala esheshisiwe enokubukeka kwasekuqaleni kanye nenkundla yesicelo ebanzi kakhulu. Isebenzisa u-5% wesisombululo se-sodium chloride brine, isixazululo se-pH esilungiswe kububanzi obuphakathi nendawo (6 ~ 7) njengesixazululo sesifutho. Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lalibekwe ku-35℃, futhi izinga lokuhlala kwesifutho sikasawoti lalidingeka ukuthi libe phakathi kuka-1 ~ 2ml/80cm².h.
(2) ukuhlolwa kwe-acetate spray (ukuhlolwa kwe-ASS) kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi. Iwukwengeza i-glacial acetic acid ku-5% wesisombululo se-sodium chloride, ukuze inani le-pH lesixazululo lehle lifinyelele cishe ku-3, isixazululo sibe ne-asidi, futhi ekugcineni isifutho sikasawoti sakheke ngokufuthwa kukasawoti ongathathi hlangothi kube i-asidi. Izinga lokugqwala lishesha ngokuphindwe kathathu kunokuhlolwa kwe-NSS.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kwe-acetate spray acetate ngokushesha kusawoti we-Copper (ukuhlolwa kwe-CASS) ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti esisheshayo esakhiwe kamuva nje phesheya. Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lingu-50 ℃, kanye nenani elincane likasawoti wethusi - i-copper chloride ifakwa esixazululweni sikasawoti ukuze ibangele ukugqwala. Igqwala ngokushesha ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunokuhlolwa kwe-NSS.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zemvelo, ifomula elandelayo yokuguqula isikhathi ingabhekiselwa kuyo cishe:
Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esimaphakathi 24h indawo yemvelo unyaka ongu-1
Ukuhlola inkungu ye-acetate 24h indawo yemvelo iminyaka emi-3
Usawoti Wethusi washeshisa ukuhlolwa kwenkungu ye-acetate 24h imvelo yemvelo iminyaka engu-8
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yemvelo yasolwandle, isifutho sikasawoti, ukushintshana okumanzi nokomile, izici zokuncibilika zibe yiqhwa, sikholelwa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezifakwa ezikebheni zokudoba endaweni enjalo kufanele kube ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yokuhlola okuvamile.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yemvelo yasolwandle, isifutho sikasawoti, ukushintshana okumanzi nokomile, izici zokuncibilika zibe yiqhwa, sikholelwa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezifakwa ezikebheni zokudoba endaweni enjalo kufanele kube ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yokuhlola okuvamile.
Yingakho sidinga izikebhe zokudoba ukuba nazoI-Metal halide isibani se-ballastkanye nama-capacitor afakwe endlini. Umbambi wesibane we4000w Isibani sokudoba ebhodinikufanele ivalwe ngempahla ekwazi ukumelana namazinga angaphezu kuka-230 degrees Celsius. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zokudoba ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo, ngeke ulahlekelwe umphumela wokuvala, futhi singene isifutho sikasawoti, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwesibani sesibani, okuholela ekuphuleni kwe-bulb bulb.
Ngenhla, aIsibani sokudoba esingu-4000w esiheha i-tunayayisetshenziswa isikebhe sokudoba isigamu sonyaka. Ukaputeni akazange agcine isibani endaweni eyomile emhlabeni noma abheke uphawu lwesibani ngoba wayeqaphe isiqhingi unyaka wonke. Lapho ephinda esebenzisa isibani ngemva konyaka, isibani sesibani saqhuma
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2023