A. Ihlukaniswe yindawo ye-Operation Water (indawo yasolwandle)
1. Ukudoba okukhulu kwamanzi emanzini ase-inland (imifula, amachibi kanye nama-reservors)
Ukudotshwa kwamanzi ezweni lonke kubhekisele ekusebenzeni okukhulu kokudoba indawo emifuleni, emachibini nasekugcizelweni. Ngenxa yendawo ebanzi yamanzi, ukujula kwamanzi ngokuvamile kujule. Isibonelo, umfula i-Yangtze, i-Pearl River, eTheihu Lake, Pongting Lake, Poying Lake, Qinghai Lake, Reservoir asayizi aphakathi nendawo (umthamo wokugcina (umthamo wokugcina 1.00) × 107 ~ I-10 × 107M3), njll. Iningi lalawa manzi lingamaqembu emvelo izinhlanzi noma ezinye izilwane zasemanzini zasemanzini, ezicebile kwizinsiza zokudoba. Ngoba izimo zangaphandle zemvelo zalawa manzi zihlukile, futhi izinsiza zokudoba ziyehluka, amagiya awo okudoba nawo ahlukile. Igiya lokudoba elivame ukusetshenziswa lifaka i-Gill Net, Trawl ne-Ground Dragnet, ikakhulukazi ama-reservoirs amakhulu naphakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yendawo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nomhlaba wonke, abanye banokujula kwamanzi okungaphezulu kwe-100m, futhi abanye bamukele indlela ehlanganisiwe yokudoba yokuvimba, ukushayela, ukugwaza nokwelula, kanye ne-car-scale ring enethi ye-Sene, kanye nesendlalelo samanzi esiguqukayo trawl. Ebusika e-Interner Mongolia, Heoongjiang nezinye izifunda, kuyasiza ukudonsa amanetha ngaphansi kwe-Ice.Kodwa abanye abadobi sebeqalile ukusebenzisaI-2000W yensimbi ye-Metal Halide Efide LampsEchibini ukuze ubambe ama-sardins ebusuku
B. Ukudoba Osogwini
Ukudoba okusogwini, owaziwa nangokuthi ukudoba emanzini asogwini, kusho ukudoba kwezilwane zasemanzini ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ziye endaweni engajulile ngamanzi angama-40m. Le ndawo yasolwandle akuyona nje kuphela indawo ebanzi futhi edlulisayo yezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho ezihlukene, i-shrimp kanye ne-crab, kodwa futhi nendawo enkulu ye-intertidal. IGagral Fishing Ground bekulokhu kuyindawo yokudoba esemqoka yokuhlinzwa kwasolwandle yaseMpi yaseChina. Kwenze iminikelo emikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo wezokudotshwa kwasolwandle waseChina. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi kuwumhlaba onzima kakhulu wokudoba okufanele uphathe. Igiya layo eliphambili lokudoba lifaka i-Gill Net, i-Sikhungo Seine Net, Trawl, I-Ground Net, inetha elivulekile, ukufundwa kwetage, imbiza, imbiza, njll, njll. Esikhathini esedlule, ekukhiqizweni kwezinkathi ezinkulu zokudoba eChina, kwakhiqizwa inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yasemanzini yasemanzini kule ndawo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukudoba okuvulekile, ukudoba kwebhodweni kanye nokudoba okuvuthayo ogwini kanye nolwandle, nenombolo enkulu Kwezinhlanzi zezomnotho, ama-shrimp nezibungu zabo zabanjwa emanzini angajulile; Ama-trawls amancane aphansi aphakathi nendawo asolwandle, ama-trawls azimele, ama-truss trawls, amanetha aphansi ama-gill namanye amagiya okudoba ukubamba amaqoqo ezinhlanzi ezingezansi kanye nama-shrimps endaweni yasolwandle; Ukuvuka ameva kubamba ama-shellfish kanye neminenke endaweni yasolwandle, futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu. Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwemikhumbi yokudoba kanye negiya lokudoba, ukuqina kokudoba kukhulu kakhulu futhi ukuphathwa kanye nokuvikelwa akwanele, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinsizakusebenza zokudonswa kwasogwini kanye nezinto zokudoba eziphansi, kwakha ukwehla kwamanje kwezokudoba izinsiza. Ungaguqula kanjani inani lemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokudoba, qinisa izindlela zokulondolozwa kwezinsizakusebenza zokudoba bese ulungisa isakhiwo sokudoba sizoba ngumsebenzi oyinhloko wendawo yamanzi.
C. Ukudoba Olwandle
Ukudotshwa kwezinsore kubhekisele ekusebenzeni kokudoba emanzini ngaphakathi kwebanga lokugeza elingu-40 ~ 100m. Le ndawo yamanzi yindawo yokufuduka, yondla indawo yokuhlala ebusika yezinhlanzi ezinkulu zezomnotho ne-shrimp, futhi icebile futhi ngezinsizakalo zokudoba. Izindlela zokudoba eziphambili zingama-trawl aphansi, okukhanyayo kwesikhwama se-Seine, i-Drift Gill Net, ukudoba okude, njll. Ngoba kukude kakhulu nogu, ubuningi bezinsizakusebenza zokudoba buphansi kunale ndawo ngasendaweni yasolwandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, imisebenzi yokudoba inezidingo eziphakeme zemikhumbi yokudoba kanye negiya lokudoba. Ngakho-ke, kunemikhumbi embalwa yokudoba kanye negiya lokudoba elibandakanyeke emisebenzini yokudoba kunalokho endaweni yasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwohloka kwezinsizakusebenza zokudonswa kwamanzi asogwini, amandla okudoba agxile kule ndawo yasolwandle eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokuqina kokudoba ngokweqile, izinsiza zokudoba endaweni yasolwandle nazo zenqabile. Ngakho-ke, akunakunakwa ukuthi kuphinde kulungiswe imisebenzi yokudoba, ukuphatha ngokuqinile nokuqinisa izindlela zokongiwa endaweni yasolwandle ukulenza ligcinelwe .Kukhona inaniIzibani zokudoba zasebusukuKufakwe emikhunjini yokudoba i-Offshore kukhawulelwe cishe ku-120.
D. UKUFINYELELA KUFANELE
Ukudotshwa kogu lolwandle kubhekisele emisebenzini yokukhiqiza yezilwane zasemanzini ezifuywayo endaweni ejulile yasolwandle ngokujula kuka-100M I-Iobobath, njengokudoba olwandle lwasempumalanga neSouth China Sea. I-Mackerel, i-Scad, i-GINSEng nezinye izinhlanzi ze-pelagic olwandle isuka e-East China Sea, kanye nezinhlanzi eziphansi njengezinhlanzi zeStonehead, i-Store Head Genoye Snapper, izinhlanzi ezinamakhanda amafushane, ukhubazekile ama-olivaches kanye nomfelakazi kusengathuthukiswa. Izinsizakusebenza zokudoba ngaphandle kolwandle lwaseNingizimu China zicebile, futhi izinhlanzi eziyinhloko ze-pelagic ziyi-mackerel, i-Xiulei, inhlanzi yezandla, i-Indian Doold Shao, emzimbeni ophakeme uma i-scad, njll; Izinhlanzi eziphambili ezingezansi ziyi-snapper ephuzi, inhlanzi ethambile ethambile, i-Goldfish, i-biogeye Snapper, njll. Izinhlanzi zolwandle zifaka i-tuna, i-bonito, i-swordfish, i-marlin emnyama (eyaziwa ngokuthi iBlue Marlin (eyaziwa ngokuthi iBlue Marlin). Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka, ama-petals, izinhlanzi ze-reef, ama-cephalopods kanye nama-crustaceans angathuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswa. Izindlela eziphambili zokusebenza zifaka i-trawl engezansi, i-gill net, ukudoba i-hadline, njll. Ngoba amanzi asogwini akude nolwandle, izidingo zemikhumbi yokudoba, izindleko zokudoba ziphezulu, izindleko zokudoba zikhulu, futhi okuphumayo Inani lokuphuma alilikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuvimbela ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wokudoba. Kodwa-ke, ucubungula izintshisekelo zesikhathi eside zokuvikela amalungelo nezintshisakalo zasolwandle zaseChina, kufanele sithuthukise ukudoba emanzini okudotshwa kwasogwini, sisebenzise ngokugcwele izinsizakusebenza zokudotshwa kwasolwandle, zinciphise ingcindezi yezinsizakusebenza zokudoba emanzini asogwini nangaphandle, futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo futhi Khuthaza ukwanda kokudotshwa kogu lolwandle.
F. Ukudoba kwe-Pelagic
Ukudoba okude, okwaziwa nangokudoba kwe-pelagic, kusho imisebenzi yokukhiqiza yokuqoqa nokubamba izilwane zasemanzini zasemanzini olwandle kude nezwe laseChina noma emanzini ngaphansi komthetho wamanye amazwe. Kunemibono emibili yokudoba i-pelagic: okokuqala, imisebenzi yokudoba emanzini ama-pelagic ama-200 N amamayela kude ne-Mainland of China, kufaka phakathi ukudoba olwandle olungaphezulu kuka-200m; Okunye ukudoba emanzini asogwini nasezinqolaneni zakwamanye amazwe noma izifunda kude nezwe lakubo, noma ukudoba ngeTranspoceanic. Njengoba ukudoba kwe-pelagic kwe-transoceanic kwenziwa emanzini asogwini nasezifundeni, ngaphezu kokusayina izivumelwano zezokudoba nazo nokukhokha izintela zokudoba noma imali yokudoba amancane, imikhumbi emincane yokudoba kanye nemishini yokudoba nayo ingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokudoba . Ukusebenza okuyinhloko kokudoba kufaka phakathi i-trawl eyodwa engezansi, ukudoba okubili okubili, ukudoba okukhangayo, ukudoba okukhanyayo okukhanyayo, njll imisebenzi yokudoba eSouth Asia nezinye izindawo ezifanele zolwandle ziwukudoba olwandle konke ukudoba olwandle. Kokubili ukudoba olwandle kanye nokudoba okujulile kolwandle kudinga imikhumbi yokudoba ehlomele kahle kanye negiya lokudoba elihambisanayo elingamelana nemimoya enamandla namagagasi nokuhamba ibanga elide. Izinsizakusebenza zokudoba ezikulezi zindawo zasolwandle ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezindawo, futhi amagiya okudoba asetshenzisiwe nawo ahlukile futhi ahlukile; Izindlela zokudoba ezijwayelekile zifaka ukudoba i-tuna eside, ukudoba okuphakathi kwezinga eliphakathi kanye ne-trawl elingaphansi, i-tuna Purse Seine, njll Futhi ukudotshwa kwama-squid okukhanyayo kungokudotshwa kwangaphambili kwe-pelagic. Ngenxa yesimo samanje kanye nomkhuba wentuthuko wezokudotshwa kwama-pelagic waseChina, izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo kufanele zamukelwe ze-pelagic fisheries ngokuzayo.
G. Ukudoba ngePolar
Ukudoba ngePolar, eyaziwa nangokudoba nge-polar, kubhekiselwa emisebenzini yokukhiqiza yokuqoqa nokubamba izilwane zasemanzini ezomnotho emanzi akhona e-ararctic noma e-arctic. Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo futhi ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zokudotshwa kwe-Antarctic yi-Antarctic Krill (e-Epharothiia Superba), i-Antarctic CORIIICE) kanye neSilver Fish (Pleurogramma Antarcticum) Ukubanjwa kwe-Antarctic Krill kuyinto enkulu. Njengamanje, ukudotshwa kanye ne-China kanye nentuthuko ye-Antarctic Krill kusesigabeni sokuqala, kanye nomthamo wokudoba amathani angama-100- 30000 kanye nendawo esebenza cishe ngamanzi angama-60 azungeze ama-malvina Islands (i-Falkland Islands). Amandla esikebhe sokudoba ama-kilowatts ambalwa, anemishini yokucubungula; Imodi yokusebenza i-Middle-Level Sound Drause; Ukwakheka kwe-Antarctic Krill Trawl Net kuyinto eyi-4-ucezu noma isakhiwo esingu-6. Umehluko omkhulu kakhulu kusuka ku-Trawl Net yendabuko ye-Trawl-Level Trawl ukuthi usayizi we-mesh wesikhwama setha kanye ne-mesh yekhanda lesikhwama kudingeka ukuthi ube mncane ukuvikela i-krill ekuphukuleleni ku-mesh. Ubukhulu be-mesh obuncane ngu-20mm, futhi ubude be-net ngokuvamile bungaphezu kwe-100m. Lapho usebenza emanzini angajulile ngaphansi kwe-200m, ijubane eliwayo letha lingu-0.3m / s, futhi ijubane lethremu (2,5 ± 0,5) kn.
H. Ukudoba Ukungcebeleka
Ukudoba Ukungcebeleka, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukudotshwa kwezokungcebeleka, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi", kusho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemisebenzi yokudoba ngenhloso yokuzilibazisa, ukuzijabulisa kanye nemidlalo yamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kungukudoba induku nokudoba ngesandla. Ezinye izinhlanzi ogwini, kanye nezinhlanzi ezithile kuma-yachts akhethekile. Lolu hlobo lwevolumu yokudoba luncane, oluvame ukwenziwa ogwini, amachibi noma amachibi, kepha kukhona nokubhukuda nokudoba olwandle olukude. Ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke njengezingubo, ukudla, izindlu kanye nokuhamba, abantu bavame ukuphishekela izinto eziphakeme nezinto ezingokomoya. E-United States, ukudoba sekuyimboni enkulu futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke kanye nokuphila kwabantu. Ukudoba kuyathuthuka kwezinye izindawo eChina.
2. Ngokudoba amagiya kanye nendlela yokudoba esetshenzisiwe
Ngokwegiya lokudoba kanye nezindlela zokudoba ezisetshenzisiwe, kukhona ukudoba okune-gill, ukudoba isikhwama, ukudoba okuphelele, ukudoba okuvulekile, ukudoba okuvulekile, ukukopisha okuphelele, ukudoba inetha, ukudoba inetha, ukudoba inetha, ukudoba inetha, ukudoba i-net Ukudoba ukudoba, ukudoba i-foil, ukudoba, ukudoba amakheji, ukudoba okukhanyayo, njll. Izindlela zayo zokudoba ezahlukahlukene zizocaciswa ezahlukweni ezifanele zale ncwadi.
I-3. Ngokuya ngenani lemikhumbi yokudoba esetshenzisiwe, izinto zokudoba nezimpawu zokusebenza
Ngokuya ngenani lemikhumbi yokudoba esetshenzisiwe, izinto zokudoba kanye nezimpawu zokusebenza, kunesikebhe esisodwa sesikebhe, i-Double Boat Trawl, Trawl Trawl, Trawl ephakathi nendawo ehlukahlukene Ukufakwa kwe-1000W Metal Halide Light Light Light Light Boat Boat Seane Seane, ukufakwa kweI-4000W yensimbi ye-Metal Halide Ukudoba UkudobaUkudoba okudotshwa ngesikebhe e-Multi-Boat, ukudotshwa kokukhanya okukhanyayo (ukufakwa kwesibani sokudoba esiholwa); Ukudoba uLongline (usebenzisa izibani zokudoba ngesikebhe futhiizibani ezifuywayo eziluhlaza ngaphansi kwamanzi), njll.
Le ndatshana ikhishwe emcabangweni ojwayelekile wamagiya okudoba olwandle oluphuzi nase-Bohai Sea.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-12-2022