Uninzi lwezixhobo zentsimbi lwenzeka kwindawo yomoya, kuba iatmospheri iqulethe izinto ezitshabalalisayo ezifana neoksijini kunye nezinto ezingcolisa umzimba, kunye nezinto ezimdaka ezifana nokufuma kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu. Umhlwa wokutshizwa kwetyuwa yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwaye ziyonakalisa umhlwa emoyeni.
Umgaqo wetyuwa wokutshiza umhlwa
I-corrosion yezixhobo zetsimbi ngokutshiza ityuwa ibangelwa ikakhulu ngokungena kwesisombululo setyuwa eqhubayo kwisinyithi kunye ne-electrochemical reaction, eyenza inkqubo yebhetri encinci "yentsimbi ephantsi - isisombululo se-electrolyte - ukungcola okuphezulu". Ukudluliselwa kwe-electron kwenzeka, kwaye isinyithi njengoko i-anode inyibilika kwaye yenze ikhompawundi entsha, oko kukuthi i-corrosion. I-ion ye-chloride idlala indima enkulu kwinkqubo yokulimala kwe-corrosion ye-spray yetyuwa, enegunya elinamandla lokungena, kulula ukungena kwi-metal oxide layer kwintsimbi, ukutshabalalisa imeko yentsimbi; Ngelo xesha, i-ion ye-chloride inamandla amancinci kakhulu e-hydration, ekulula ukuba ibhengezwe kumphezulu wesinyithi, ithathe indawo yeoksijini kwi-oxide layer ekhusela isinyithi, ukwenzela ukuba isinyithi sonakaliswe.
Iindlela zokuvavanya ukubola kwetyuwa kunye nokuhlelwa
Uvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa yindlela yovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lokuxhathisa umhlwa kumoya owenziweyo. Luxinaniso lwebrine eneatomized; Emva koko fafaza kwibhokisi evaliweyo ye-thermostatic, ngokujonga utshintsho lwesampulu evavanyiweyo ebekwe kwibhokisi kangangexesha elithile ukubonisa ukuxhathisa kokubola kwesampulu evavanyiweyo, yindlela yovavanyo olukhawulezileyo, ukuxinwa kwetyuwa kwindawo yokutshiza ityuwa yekloridi. , kodwa imeko jikelele yendalo isiqulatho sokutshiza ityuwa amaxesha amaninzi okanye izihlandlo ezininzi, ukuze izinga lomhlwa liphuculwe kakhulu, uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa kwimveliso, Ixesha lokufumana iziphumo nalo liye lancitshiswa kakhulu.
Uvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa phambi nasemva
Ixesha lokudla kwesampulu yemveliso inokuthatha unyaka okanye iminyaka eliqela xa ivavanywa kwindawo yendalo, kodwa iziphumo ezifanayo zinokufunyanwa ngeentsuku okanye nangeeyure xa zivavanywa kwindawo eyenziweyo eyenziweyo yokutshiza ityuwa.
Iimvavanyo zokutshiza ityuwa zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziindidi ezine:
① Uvavanyo olungathathi hlangothi lwesitshizi setyuwa (NSS)
② Uvavanyo lwe-acetic acid yokutshiza (AASS)
③ Uvavanyo lwe-acetic acid olukhawulezileyo lokutshiza (CASS)
(4) Ukutshintshana kovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa
Izixhobo zokuvavanya ukubola kwetyuwa
Uvavanyo lweziphumo zovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa
Iindlela zovavanyo lovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa ziquka indlela yokukala, indlela yokuvavanya ukwenzeka komhlwa kunye nendlela yokulinganisa.
01
Indlela yokukala
Indlela yokukala yahlula ipesenti yendawo enomhlwa kwindawo iyonke ibe ngamabakala amaninzi ngokwendlela ethile, kwaye ithatha ibakala elithile njengesiseko somgwebo ofanelekileyo. Le ndlela ifanelekile kuvavanyo lweesampuli zeplate flat. Ngokomzekelo, i-GB/T 6461-2002, ISO 10289-2001, ASTM B537-70 (2013), ASTM D1654-2005 bonke basebenzisa le ndlela yokuvavanya iziphumo zovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa.
Ireyithingi yokhuseleko kunye nembonakalo yokukala
Amaxabiso e-RP kunye ne-RA abalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Apho: I-RP lixabiso lokulinganisa ukhuseleko; I-RA lixabiso lokulinganisa imbonakalo; A yipesenti yenxalenye ebolileyo yentsimbi ye-matrix kwindawo epheleleyo xa i-RP ibalwa; I-RA yipesenti yecandelo eligqwesiweyo loluhlu olukhuselayo kwindawo yonke.
Ukuhlelwa kokwaleka kunye novavanyo oluzimeleyo
Ireyithingi yokhuseleko ibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo: RA/ -
Ngokomzekelo, xa i-rust encinci idlula i-1% yomhlaba kwaye ingaphantsi kwe-2.5% yomhlaba, ibonakaliswa ngolu hlobo: 5/ -
Umlinganiselo wembonakalo uchazwa ngolu hlobo: –/ixabiso leRA + uvandlakanyo oluzimeleyo + inqanaba lokusilela kokwaleka
Umzekelo, ukuba indawo yendawo ingaphezulu kwe-20%, yile: - / 2mA
Ireyithingi yokusebenza ichazwa njengexabiso leRA + uvandlakanyo oluzimeleyo + inqanaba lokusilela kokwaleka
Umzekelo, ukuba akukho mhlwa wesinyithi we-matrix kwisampulu, kodwa kukho ukubola okuthambileyo kwe-anodic covering layer ngaphantsi kwe-1% yendawo iyonke, ichazwa njenge-10/6sC.
Ifoto yokwaleka kunye ne-polarity embi ukuya kwi-substrate metal
02
Indlela yokuvavanya ubukho be-corrodes
Indlela yokuhlola i-Corrosion yindlela yokuqinisekisa esemgangathweni, isekelwe kuvavanyo lokutshiza kwetyuwa, nokuba imveliso ye-corrosion phenomenon ukumisela isampuli. Ngokomzekelo, i-JB4 159-1999, i-GJB4.11-1983, i-GB/T 4288-2003 yamkele le ndlela yokuvavanya iziphumo zovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa.
Itheyibhile yeempawu ze-Corrosion ye-electroplating eqhelekileyo emva kovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa
Indlela yokubala yesantya sokutya:
01
Ubumanzi obubalulekileyo bokufuma kwintsimbi yentsimbi bumalunga nama-70%. Xa ukufuma okuhambelanayo kufikelela okanye kudlula oku kufuma okubalulekileyo, ityuwa iya kuxutywa ukuze yenze i-electrolyte ene-conductivity elungileyo. Xa umswakama ohambelanayo uyancipha, i-concentration yesisombululo setyuwa iya kwanda de i-crystalline ityuwa iyancipha, kwaye izinga lokubola liya kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, ukunyakaza kwemolekyuli kuyaqina kwaye isantya sokutya kwesitshizi setyuwa siyanda. I-International Electrotechnical Commission ichaza ukuba izinga lokutya linyuka ngama-2 ~ 3 amaxesha kunye ne-conductivity ye-electrolyte yonyuka nge-10 ~ 20% kwi-10℃ nganye yokwanda kobushushu. Kuvavanyo olungathathi hlangothi lokutshiza ityuwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa ukuba i-35℃ bubushushu obufanelekileyo.02Ukugxilwa kwesisombululo
I-engile yokubeka isampuli
Isalathiso sentlenga sesitshizi setyuwa sisondele kwicala elithe nkqo. Xa iisampulu ibekwe ngokuthe tye, indawo yayo yoqikelelo yeyona inkulu, kwaye umphezulu wesampulu uthwala esona sitshizi setyuwa, ngoko ke umhlwa ngowona unzima. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa i-steel plate i-45 ° ukusuka kumgca onqamlekileyo, ukulahleka kwesisindo somzimba kwi-square meter yi-250g, kwaye xa i-steel plate ihambelana nomgca othe nkqo, ukulahleka kwesisindo somzimba ngu-140g ngemitha yesikwere. Umgangatho we-GB/T 2423.17-1993 uthi: "Indlela yokubeka isampuli esicaba iya kuba yinto yokuba indawo evavanyiweyo iya kuba kwi-Angle ye-30 ° ukusuka kwicala elithe nkqo".
04 PH
yehlisa i-pH, kokukhona iphezulu i-ion ye-hydrogen kwisisombululo, i-acidic ngakumbi kwaye idle. Uvavanyo olungathathi hlangothi lokutshiza ityuwa (NSS) ixabiso le-pH yi-6.5 ~ 7.2. Ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezisingqongileyo, ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo setyuwa liya kutshintsha. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuveliswa kwakhona kweziphumo zovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa, uluhlu lwexabiso le-pH lwesisombululo setyuwa luchazwe kumgangatho wovavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye indlela yokuzinzisa ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo setyuwa ngexesha lovavanyo liyacetywa.
05
Ubungakanani bokubekwa kwetyuwa yokutshiza kunye nendlela yokutshiza
Okukhona amasuntswana okutshizwa kwetyuwa ecolekileyo, kokukhona awenza mkhulu umhlaba, kokukhona abhengeza ioksijini, kwaye kokukhona adleka ngakumbi. Ezona zinto zingeloncedo zicacileyo zeendlela zokutshiza zemveli, kubandakanywa indlela yokutshiza yomoya kunye nendlela yenqaba yokutshiza, kukungangqinelani kakuhle kwesitshizi setyuwa kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bamasuntswana okutshiza ityuwa. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshiza nazo zinefuthe kwi-pH yesisombululo setyuwa.
Imigangatho enxulumene novavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa.
Ingakanani iyure yesitshizi setyuwa kwindawo yendalo?
Uvavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa lwahlulwe lwaziindidi ezimbini, olunye luvavanyo lokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kwendalo, olunye luvavanyo lokwenziwa olukhawulezileyo olwenziweyo olufanisiweyo lokutshiza ityuwa.
Ukulinganisa okwenziweyo kovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa kukusebenzisa isixhobo sovavanyo esinesithuba somthamo othile - igumbi lovavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa, kwindawo yalo yomthamo kunye neendlela ezenziweyo ukwenza imeko yokutshiza ityuwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kokubola kwemveliso. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusingqongileyo kwendalo, ukuxinana kwetyuwa yekloridi kwindawo yokutshiza ityuwa kunokuba ngamaxesha aliqela okanye amaxesha amaninzi esiqulatho sokutshiza ityuwa kwindawo yendalo jikelele, ukuze isantya somhlwa siphucuke kakhulu, kunye novavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa kulo. imveliso imfutshane kakhulu. Umzekelo, kungathatha unyaka we-1 ukuba isampuli yemveliso igqwethwe phantsi kokuvezwa kwendalo, ngelixa iziphumo ezifanayo zinokufumaneka kwiiyure ezingama-24 phantsi kwemekobume eyenziweyo yokutshiza ityuwa.
Uvavanyo lokutshiza lwetyuwa olwenziweyo olwenziweyo lubandakanya uvavanyo lokutshiza lwetyuwa olungathathi hlangothi, uvavanyo lwesitshizi se-acetate, ityuwa yobhedu olukhawulezileyo uvavanyo lwesitshizi se-acetate, uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa.
(1) Uvavanyo olungathathi hlangothi lwesitshizi setyuwa (uvavanyo lwe-NSS) yindlela yovavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-corrosion kunye nenkangeleko yokuqala kunye neyona ndawo ibanzi yesicelo. Isebenzisa i-5% yesisombululo se-sodium chloride brine, isisombululo se-pH esilungelelanisiweyo kuluhlu olungathathi hlangothi (6 ~ 7) njengesisombululo sokutshiza. Ubushushu bovavanyo lwamiselwa kuma-35℃, kwaye izinga lokuhlaliswa kwesitshizi setyuwa kwakufuneka libe phakathi kwe-1 ~ 2ml/80cm².h.
(2) uvavanyo lokutshiza i-acetate (uvavanyo lwe-ASS) luphuhliswa ngesiseko sovavanyo lokutshiza lwetyuwa olungathathi hlangothi. Kukufaka i-glacial acetic acid kwi-5% yesisombululo se-sodium chloride, ukuze ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo liye lehla malunga ne-3, isisombululo siba ne-acidic, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-spray yetyuwa yenziwe ngokutshizwa kwetyuwa engathathi hlangothi kwi-asidi. Izinga lomhlwa limalunga namaxesha amathathu ngokukhawuleza kunovavanyo lwe-NSS.
(3) Uvavanyo lwetyuwa lwetyuwa olukhawulezileyo lwe-acetate yokutshiza (uvavanyo lwe-CASS) luvavanyo olukhawulezayo lokutshiza lwetyuwa oluphuhliswe kutshanje phesheya. Ubushushu bovavanyo yi-50 ℃, kunye nentwana encinci yetyuwa yobhedu - i-chloride yobhedu yongezwa kwisisombululo setyuwa ukuze ibangele ukubola ngamandla. Idleka malunga namaxesha asibhozo ngokukhawuleza kunovavanyo lwe-NSS.
Phantsi kweemeko zemo engqongileyo jikelele, le fomula yoguqulo yexesha ilandelayo inokubhekiswa kuyo:
Uvavanyo olungathathi hlangothi lwesitshizi setyuwa 24h okusingqongileyo kwendalo unyaka omnye
Uvavanyo lwe-acetate inkungu ye-24h yendalo yendalo ye-3 iminyaka
Ityuwa yobhedu ikhawulezise uvavanyo lwenkungu ye-acetate 24h indawo yendalo ye-8 iminyaka
Ngoko ke, ngokobume bemeko yaseLwandle, isitshizi setyuwa, ukutshintshisana okumanzi nokomileyo, iimpawu zokunyibilika komkhenkce, sikholelwa ekubeni ukuxhathisa kokutya kwezifakelo kwinqanawa yokuloba kwindawo enjalo kufuneka ibe sisinye kwisithathu kuphela sovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
Ngoko ke, ngokobume bemeko yaseLwandle, isitshizi setyuwa, ukutshintshisana okumanzi nokomileyo, iimpawu zokunyibilika komkhenkce, sikholelwa ekubeni ukuxhathisa kokutya kwezifakelo kwinqanawa yokuloba kwindawo enjalo kufuneka ibe sisinye kwisithathu kuphela sovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
Yiyo loo nto sifuna izikhephe zokuloba zibe nazoMetal halide isibane ballastkunye neecapacitors ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Isiphatho sesibane se4000w Isibane sokuloba ebhodinikufuneka ivalwe ngemathiriyeli enokumelana nangaphezulu kwama-230 degrees celcius. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zokuloba ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo, aziyi kuphulukana nesiphumo sokutywinwa, kwaye kwi-spray yetyuwa, ekhokelela kwi-corrosion ye-lamp cap, ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwebhalbhu yokukhanya.
ngasentla, a4000w isibane sokuloba esitsala ityhunayayisetyenziswa liphenyane lokuloba kangangesiqingatha sonyaka. Umphathi-mkhosi akazange asigcine isibane kwindawo eyomileyo emhlabeni okanye ajonge itywina lesibane kuba wayesigcine isiqithi unyaka wonke. Xa waphinda wasebenzisa isibane emva konyaka, isibane sesibane saqhuma
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2023