Ngaba umbala ubalulekile?
Le yingxaki enkulu, yaye abalobi kudala befuna iimfihlo zayo. Abanye abalobi bacinga ukuba ukhetho lombala lubalulekile, kanti abanye bathi akunamsebenzi. Ngokuthetha ngokwenzululwazi,
Kukho ubungqina bokuba zombini ezi mbono zinokuchaneka. Kukho ubungqina obuhle bokuthi ukukhetha umbala ofanelekileyo kunokuphucula amathuba akho okutsala iintlanzi xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zichanekile, kodwa inzululwazi ingabonisa nokuba kwezinye iimeko, umbala unexabiso elilinganiselweyo kwaye ungabalulekanga kunokuba ucinga.
Iintlanzi zineminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-450 ubudala kwaye zizidalwa ezimangalisayo. Ngaphezulu kwamawaka eminyaka, baye benza uhlengahlengiso oluhle kakhulu kwimekobume yaseLwandle. Ukuphila kwihlabathi lamanzi akulula, kunye namathuba aphezulu okusingqongileyo kunye nemingeni enzima. Ngokomzekelo, isandi sikhawuleza ngokuphindwe kahlanu emanzini kunasemoyeni, ngoko ke amanzi angcono kakhulu. Ulwandle eneneni yindawo enengxolo kakhulu. Ngokuba nembono efanelekileyo yokuva, ukusebenzisa indlebe yabo yangaphakathi kunye nomgca wecala lokubona ixhoba okanye ukuphepha iintshaba, iintlanzi zingasebenzisa oku. Amanzi aqulethe iikhompawundi ezizodwa ezisetyenziswa ziintlanzi ukuchonga amanye amalungu eentlobo zazo, ukufumana ukutya, ukubona amarhamncwa kunye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi xa kufika ixesha lokuzala. Iintlanzi ziye zavelisa ivumba elimangalisayo ekucingelwa ukuba libhetele ngokuphindwe kayisigidi kunabantu.
Nangona kunjalo, amanzi ngumngeni onzima wokubonwa kunye nombala kwiintlanzi kunye nabalobi. Uninzi lweempawu zokukhanya zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nobunzulu.
Kuzisa ntoni ukuthotywa kokukhanya?
Ukukhanya abantu abakubonayo liqhezu elincinane kuphela lemitha yemitha ye-electromagnetic epheleleyo efunyenwe elangeni, into esiyibona njengembonakalo ebonakalayo.
Owona mbala ngaphakathi kwispectrum ebonakalayo umiselwa bubude bokukhanya:
Amaza amade abomvu kunye ne-orenji
Ubude obufutshane buluhlaza, buzuba kunye nomfusa
Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ezininzi zinokubona imibala esingayiboniyo, kuquka ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kuhamba kude emanzini kunokuba uninzi lwethu lucinga.
Ke abanye abalobi bacinga:isibane sokuloba i-metal halideukutsala iintlanzi ngempumelelo ngakumbi
Xa ukukhanya kungena emanzini, ukuqina kwawo kuncipha ngokukhawuleza kwaye umbala wawo utshintsha. Olu tshintsho lubizwa ngokuba yi-attenuation. Ukuthotywa sisiphumo seenkqubo ezimbini: ukusasazeka kunye nokufunxa. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokukhanya kubangelwa ngamaqhekeza okanye ezinye izinto ezincinci ezimisiwe emanzini - iinqununu ezininzi, zisasazeka. Ukusasazeka kokukhanya emanzini kufana noko nefuthe lomsi okanye inkungu emoyeni. Ngenxa yegalelo lemilambo, imizimba eselunxwemeni yamanzi ikholisa ukuba nemathiriyeli exhonywe ngaphezulu, ivuselela imathiriyeli ukusuka ezantsi, kunye neplankton eyandayo. Ngenxa yesi sixa sikhulu semathiriyeli exhonyiweyo, ukukhanya kudla ngokungena kubunzulu obuncinci. Kumanzi acwengileyo akude nonxweme, ukukhanya kungena kubunzulu.
Ukufunxa ukukhanya kubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezifana nokuguqulwa kokukhanya kube bubushushu okanye kusetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali ezifana nephotosynthesis. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yimpembelelo yamanzi ngokwawo ekufunxeni kokukhanya. Kumaza ohlukeneyo okukhanya, umlinganiselo wokufunxa wahlukile; Ngamanye amazwi, imibala ithathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Amaza amade amade, afana nobomvu kunye ne-orenji, afunxwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye angene kubunzulu obuncinane kunobude obufutshane obuluhlaza kunye nomfusa.
Ukufunxa kukwanciphisa umgama onokuwuhamba ukukhanya emanzini. Malunga neemitha ezintathu (malunga neemitha ezili-10), malunga nama-60 ekhulwini okukhanya kukonke (ukukhanya kwelanga okanye ukukhanya kwenyanga), phantse konke ukukhanya okubomvu kuya kutsala. Kwiimitha ezili-10 (malunga neenyawo ze-33), malunga neepesenti ze-85 zokukhanya okupheleleyo kunye nazo zonke ukukhanya okubomvu, oku-orenji kunye nokutyheli kuye kwafunxwa. Oku kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu umphumo wokuqokelela iintlanzi. Kubunzulu beemitha ezintathu, ubomvu bujika bube ngumkhenkce ukuze bubonakale bungwevu, kwaye njengokuba ubunzulu busanda, bujika bube mnyama. Njengoko ubunzulu busanda, ukukhanya okuye kwamnyama ngoku kujika kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye ekugqibeleni kube mnyama njengoko yonke eminye imibala itsalwa.
Ukufunxa okanye ukuhluzwa kombala nako kusebenza ngokuthe tye. Ngoko kwakhona, inqwelomoya ebomvu kumgama nje oziimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka entlanzini ibonakala ingwevu. Ngokufanayo, eminye imibala iyatshintsha ngomgama. Ukuze umbala ubonakale, kufuneka ubethwe kukukhanya okunombala ofanayo uze ubonakale kwicala lentlanzi. Ukuba amanzi athobile okanye ahluzwe ngaphandle) umbala, loo mbala uya kuvela njengongwevu okanye omnyama. Ngenxa yobunzulu obukhulu bokungena kwentambo ye-UV, i-fluorescence eveliswa phantsi kwemitha ye-ultraviolet yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwindawo etyebileyo ephantsi kwamanzi.
Ke ngoko, le mibuzo mibini ilandelayo kufanelekile ukuyicinga ngazo zonke iinjineli zethu:
1. Njengoko sonke sisazi, i-LED ngumthombo wokukhanya obandayo, akukho kukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kodwa indlela yokwandisa ukukhanya kwe-UVIsibane sokuloba se-LED,ukuze kwandiswe amandla okutsala umdla weentlanzi?
2. Uyisusa njani yonke imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi kumzimba womntuIsibane sokuloba i-MH, kwaye ugcine imitha ye-UVA ephucula isakhono sokutsala iintlanzi?
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-26-2023