Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuloba

A. yahlulwe yindawo yokusebenza yendawo (indawo yolwandle)

1. Ukuloba okukhulu kumhlaba ophakathi kwamanzi (imilambo, amachibi kunye nezixhobo)

Ukuloba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwamanzi kubhekisa kwimisebenzi emikhulu yokuloba kwimilambo, amachibi kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi. Ngenxa yomphezulu wamanzi ngokubanzi, ubunzulu bamanzi bunzulu. Umzekelo, umlambo weYangtze, umlambo we-Pearl, uHelongjiang, Taihu Lake, i-Poyang Lake, indawo yokugcina i-qxhoi, indawo yokugcina i-qinghai (indawo yokugcina i-qinghai (umthamo wokuGqibela) I-10 × 107m3), njl njl. Kungenxa yokuba iimeko zendalo zangaphandle zala manzi zahlukile, kwaye ezona zixhobo zokuloba zihluka, iindlela zabo zokuloba kunye neendlela zokuloba nazo zahlukile. Igiya esetyenziswayo yokuloba isebenzisa i-gill it, itrawl kunye ne-rannet yomhlaba, ingakumbi kwimimandla emikhulu nephakathi. Ngenxa yomhlaba onzima kunye nomhlaba, abanye banobunzulu bamanzi ngaphezulu kwe-100m, kwaye abanye bathatha indlela yokuloba yokuloba, beqhuba, betshutshisa, kunye ne-rawling ye-seine I-Trawl. Ebusika e-Inner Mongolia, i-Holongjiang kunye neminye imimandla, kubalulekile ukutsala iminatha phantsi komkhenkce .Ngoku abanye besilobi sele beqalile ukusebenzisaI-2000w yentsimbi yokuloba i-halideKwichibi lokubamba i-sardines ebusuku

B. Ukuloba konxweme

Ukuloba okunxweme, okwaziwa ngokubambisa ngamanzi aselunxwemeni, kubhekisele ekulobeni izilwanyana zasemanzini ukusuka kwindawo enamanzi angenamanzi angenamanzi ane-40m. Le ndawo yolwandle ayisiyiyo kuphela i-spawn kunye nokufakelwa kweentlanzi ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, i-shrimp kunye nendawo enkulu yendawo. Umhlaba wokuloba onxweme ukuloba ubusoloko buyindawo ephambili yokuloba kwimisebenzi yokuloba yaselwandle yase-China. Yenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwemveliso yokuloba eTshayina. Kwangelo xesha, lolona lolona lonwabo lunzima lokuloba. Igesi yayo yokuloba ibandakanya i-gill it, i-pien seine, i-rawl, it, i-Net, i-Net, iRake, i-Crap, iindlela zokuSebenza zine. Kwixa elidlulileyo, ekuvelisweni kwamathuba amathamo amakhulu okuloba e-China, inani elikhulu leemveliso zaselwandle zaselwandle zaveliswa kule ndawo, ingakumbi yokuloba evulekileyo yeshishini, ishishini lokuloba evulelekileyo, ishishini lokuloba kunye nokuloba kwi-Cage kunye nenombolo yetrayi, kunye nenani elikhulu yentlanzi yezoqoqosho, i-shrimp kunye nemilenze yabo yabanjwa emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba; I-riwls ezincinci nephakathi, i-curwls yesakhelo, i-truss trawls, iminatha esezantsi kunye nenye igiya yokuloba ukuze ibambe amaqela asezantsi kwentlanzi esezantsi; Ukukhaba i-amer emeva ibamba i-shellfish kunye nemijelo elwandle, kwaye iphumelele isivuno esikhulu. Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olukhulu kwiinqanawa zokuloba kunye negiya yokuloba, ukuqina komlobi kakhulu kwaye ukuphathwa kunye nokukhuselwa akwanele, kokwenza ukwehla kweshishini lokuloba, kokwenza ukwehla okukhoyo kokuloba Izixhobo. Ungahlengahlengisa njani ubungakanani bemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokuloba, yomeleze amanyathelo olondolozo lwezixhobo zokuloba kwaye uhlengahlengise ulwakhiwo lokuloba lube ngumsebenzi oyintloko kwindawo yamanzi.

C. Ukuloba ngaphandle kwe-offshore

Ukuloba ngaphandle kokuloba kubhekiswa kusebenza ngokuloba emanzini ngaphakathi kwe-banymetric uluhlu lwama-40 ~ 100m. Le ndawo yamanzi yindawo yokufuduka, ukondla igumbi lendawo yokuhlala ephambili yezoqoqosho kunye ne-shrimp, kwaye icebile kwizixhobo zokuloba. Iindlela eziphambili zokuloba yi-Trawl ezantsi, ukukhanya kwe-purling gill, ukuloba kwe-ixesha elide, njl. Ewe Kwangelo xesha, imisebenzi yokuloba ineemfuno eziphezulu zeenqanawa zokuloba kunye neegiya zokuloba. Ke ngoko, zimbalwa iinqanawa zokuloba kunye negesi yokuloba ibalulekile kwimisebenzi yokuloba kunelo ndawo yolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhla kwezixhobo zokuloba kumanzi onxweme, amandla okuloba agxilwe kule ndawo yolwandle kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yobunzulu bokuloba ngokugqithileyo, izibonelelo zokuloba kwindawo yolwandle ziye zahla. Ke ngoko, ayinakuchongwa ukuba iqhubeke nokulungisa imisebenzi yokuloba, ilawula kwaye yomeleze amanyathelo okolondolozo kwindawo yolwandle ukuyenza ibe uzinzile.Nandiwa, inani leIzibane zokuloba ebusukuifakwe kwinqanawa yokuloba elunxwemeni inqunyelwe malunga ne-120.

D. Ukuloba kude

Ukuloba ngaphandle kwe-offshore kubhekisa kwimisebenzi yokuloba yezilwanyana ze-Aquatic ze-Aquatic kwindawo enoLwandle i-100m isobath, njengokuloba emanzini eMpuma China kunye noLwandle lwase China China. I-Mackerel, Scad, Ginseng kunye nezinye iintlanzi ze-pelagic elwandle i-East East chine, i-bithalopods, i-biethalopods, i-bithalopods, i-biPhalopods, i-pithalopods, umhlolokazi engu-Olivaces, umhlolokazi usasenokuphuhliswa. UTSHINTSHO LOSEKELISO LWEZITHUBA LASEKHAYA CELUSE, kwaye iintlanzi eziphambili ze-Pelagic yiMackerel, Xiulei, intlanzi, i-Indian, i-Indiya ePhezulu, njl; Eyona ntlanzi iphambili i-bipper, iFlaki iFilfish, i-Bigeye snapper, njl. Ukongeza, ookrebe, i-petals, intlanzi yerhafu, i-fuehalopods kunye ne-crustaceans inokuphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe. Iindlela eziphambili zokusebenza zibandakanya i-trawl, i-gill it, ukuloba ngokutsala, njl njl. Ixabiso lokuphuma alikhulu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kuthintela ngqo ukukhula kweshishini lokuloba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthathela ingqalelo iimfuno zexesha elide zokukhusela amalungelo kunye nezinto ezinomdla kuzo zase-China, kufuneka sizisebenzise kwimithombo yokuloba elunxwemeni, sinciphise ingcinezelo yezixhobo zokuloba, kwaye zinike inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye unike inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye unike inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye khuthaza ukwanda kokuloba ngaphandle kolwandle.

F. Ukuloba kwe-pelagic

Ukuloba ekudeni kokude, okwabizwa ngokuba kukuloba kwe-Pelagic, kubhekiswa kwimisebenzi yemveliso yokuqokelela kunye nokubamba izilwanyana zoqoqosho zase-china okanye emanzini aphantsi kolawulo lwamanye amazwe. Kukho iikhonsepthi ezimbini zoloba nge-pelagic: imisebenzi yokuqala, yokuloba ePilagic Amanzi angama-200 ukuya kwi-Mering kude ne-China ye-China, kubandakanya imisebenzi yokuloba kunye neelwandle eziphezulu ezinamanzi angaphezu kwe-200; Olunye luloba kumanzi aselunxwemeni kunye nolwandle lwamanye amazwe okanye imimandla kude nendlela yabo enkulu, okanye ukuloba kwe-Transorocenic. Njengoko ukuloba kwe-transcenic pelagic kwenziwa kumanzi aselunxwemeni kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla, ukongeza kwiZivumelwano zokuloba kunye nokuhlawula iirhafu zokuloba, iinqanawa ezincinci zokuloba, izixhobo zokuloba zinokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi yokuloba . Eyona misebenzi iphambili yokuloba ibandakanya i-trawl engatshatanga, i-Trawl ye-Trawl, i-tuna yoloba, njl njl. Zombini ukuloba kolwandle kunye nokuloba okunzulu-kudinga iinqanawa zokuloba kakuhle kunye negiya elihambelana nexabiso elinokukhusela umoya onamandla kunye namaza kunye nokuhamba umgama omde. Izinto zokuloba kwezi ndawo zoLwandle ziyahluka ngokweendawo, kwaye igesi yokuloba isetyenziswa kwahlukile; Iindlela zokuloba ngokubanzi kubandakanya ukuloba kwe-tuna ubude, kunye ne-trawl ephakathi kunye ne-Trawl, i-Tuna Persid, njl. Kwaye ukuloba okukhanyayo kwe-squid ye-squid yeyokwenzalololo lwangaphambili. Ngenxa yemeko yangoku kunye nophuhliso lwendlela yokuloba eTshayina, imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kufuneka yamkelwe kwiintlanzi ze-Pelagic kwixesha elizayo.

G. Ukuloba kwePolar

Ukuloba polar, okwabizwa ngokuba kukuloba kwepolar, kubhekisa kwimisebenzi yemveliso yokuqokelela kunye nokubamba izilwanyana zoqoqosho zasemanzini kwiAntarctic okanye iArctic. Okwangoku, ekuphela kohlobo oluxhatshazwayo kwaye lusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuloba iAntarctic Krill (i-EURHAUS SMRL (i-Antarctic Cod (i-Antarctic Cod i-Antarcticum) I-Antarctic Krill yeyona inkulu. Okwangoku, ukuloba kukaChina kunye nophuhliso lwe-antarctic krill kuse kwinqanaba eliyintloko, kunye ne-TOS ye-10000-30000 yeetoni ezimalunga nama-60 ° emanzini e-Malvinas Islands (iziqithi zeFalkland). Amandla esikhephelo sokuloba zii-kilotts ezininzi, kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo; Imowudi yokusebenza ikwinqanaba eliphakathi eliphakathi; Ubume be-antarctic krill trawl yetreyini buyi-4-profaction okanye i-6. Umahluko omkhulu ovela kumnatha we-trawl ephakathi kukuba ubukhulu be-mesh yebhegi ye-net kunye ne-mesh yentloko kufuneka incinci ukuthintela i-krill ukubaleka kwi-mesh. Ubuncinci be-mesh ubuncinci i-20mm, kwaye ubude bomnatha bungaphezulu kwe-100m. Xa usebenza kumanzi angaphantsi kwe-200m, isantya sethafa le-It.3m / s, kunye nesantya setrawl (25 ± 0.5) KY.

H. Ukuloba kwezolonwabo

Ukuloba ngokuzonwabisa, okwaziwa ngokuba yizokuloba ezonwabisayo, okwabizwa ngokuba "ngabalobikazi bokuzihlaziya", kubhekisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokuloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa, ukuzonwabisa kunye nemidlalo yamanzi. Ngokubanzi, kuyinto yokuloba ngokutya kunye nokuloba ngesandla. Ezinye iintlanzi elunxwemeni, kwaye ezinye iintlanzi kwii-Yachts ezikhethekileyo. Olu hlobo lwevolumu yokuloba incinci, eqhutywa ngokubanzi elunxwemeni, ichibi okanye indawo yokugcina izinto, kodwa kukwabakho nokuloba kulwandle olude. Emva kokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zobomi bemihla ngemihla njengokunxiba, ukutya, ezezindlu kunye nezothutho, abantu bahlala besenza izinto ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokonwaba ngokomoya. E-United States, ukuloba kuye kwaba lishishini eliphambili kwaye kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lweSizwe kunye nobomi babantu. Ukuloba kukwaphuhlisa kwezinye iindawo eTshayina.

2. Ngendlela yokuloba kunye nendlela yokuloba esetyenzisiweyo

Ngokweendlela zokuloba ezisetyenziswayo, kukho iindlela zokuloba nge-gill, ukuloba nge-pill, ukuloba nge-rawl, ukuloba nge-gewl, ukuloba nge-net, ukuhambisa i-net, ukuloba ngentambo, ukufaka i-Net kunye Ukubeka ukuloba, ukuloba, ukuloba kwe-ixesha elide, ukuloba kwe-tage, ukuloba okukhoyo, njl njl. Iindlela zayo ezahlukeneyo zokuloba kunye neentsingiselo ziya kuchazwa kwizahluko ezifanelekileyo zale ncwadi.

I-3. Ngokwenani leenqanawa zokuloba ezisetyenzisiweyo, izinto zokuloba kunye neempawu zokusebenza

Ngokwenani leenqanawa zokuloba ezisetyenzisiweyo, izinto zokuloba kunye neempawu zokusebenza, kukho i-trawl enye yekhephu, itreyini ephindwe kabini, itreyini ephindiweyo, itrawl edadayo, itrayikhi ye-Trawl kunye ne-trawl yamanzi. Ukufakwa kwe-1000W intsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-Halide i-Haltide i-Halide i-Suine Stone Sine Ukuloba kwiSeine, Ukufakwa kweI-4000W intsimbi yentsimbi yokuloba isibaneI-Multi-Sheat Sheat Ukuloba kwiSeine, ukuHanjiswa kokukhanya kweSeine Ukuloba kwe-ixesha elide (ukusebenzisa izibane zokuloba kwikhefu kwayeNgaphantsi kwamanzi amabala aluhlaza), njl.

Eli nqaku likhutshwe kwithiyori ngokubanzi yegiya yokuloba kwi-bility yolwandle kunye ne-Bohai lolwandle.