Kuora kwakawanda kwezvinhu zvesimbi kunoitika mumhepo yemhepo, nekuti mhepo ine zvinhu zvinoparadza zvakaita seokisijeni uye zvinosvibisa, pamwe nekuora zvinhu zvakaita sekunyorova uye shanduko yetembiricha. Ngura yekupfapfaidza munyu ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kuitika uye zvinoparadza mumhepo.
Principle of salt spray corrosion
Kuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi nemunyu wekupfapfaidza kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekupinzwa kweconductive munyu mhinduro musimbi uye electrochemical reaction, kugadzira iyo micro-battery system ye "yakaderera inogona simbi - electrolyte mhinduro - yakakwirira inogona kusvibiswa". Kufambiswa kwemagetsi kunoitika, uye simbi seanode inonyungudika uye inoita musanganiswa mutsva, kureva ngura. Chloride ion inobata basa guru mukuora kwekukuvadza kwemunyu wekupfapfaidza, iyo ine simba rakasimba rekupinda, nyore kupinda mukati mesimbi oxide layer musimbi, inoparadza iyo isina kujeka mamiriro esimbi; Panguva imwecheteyo, chloride ion ine simba shoma re hydration, iyo iri nyore kushambadza pamusoro pesimbi, ichitsiva okisijeni mu oxide layer inodzivirira simbi, kuitira kuti simbi iparare.
Salt spray corrosion test nzira uye kupatsanura
Munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo inzira yakakwidziridza corrosion kuramba yekuongorora yemamiriro ekunze. Iko kusanganiswa kwebrine atomized; Wobva wapfapfaidza mubhokisi rakavharwa re thermostatic, nekutarisa shanduko yemuenzaniso wakaedzwa wakaiswa mubhokisi kwenguva yenguva kuratidza kuramba kwecorrosion yemuenzaniso wakaedzwa, inzira yekukasira yekuyedza, munyu wemunyu wechloride munyu wekupfapfaidza nharaunda. , asi zvakajairwa zvakatipoteredza zvakatipoteredza munyu wekupfapfaidza zvemukati kakawanda kana makumi enguva, kuitira kuti chiyero chekuora chivandudzwe zvakanyanya, munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo pachigadzirwa, Nguva yekuwana mibairo yakaderedzwawo zvakanyanya.
Salt spray test pamberi uye shure
Iyo nguva yekuora yemuenzaniso wechigadzirwa inogona kutora gore kana kunyange makore akati wandei kana ichiyedzwa munzvimbo yechisikigo, asi mibairo yakafanana inogona kuwanikwa mumazuva kana kunyange maawa kana yakaedzwa munzvimbo yekunyepedzera inofananidzwa nemunyu wekupfapfaidza.
Miyedzo yekupfapfaidza munyu inonyanya kukamurwa kuva mhando ina:
① Neutral salt spray test (NSS)
② Acetic acid spray test (AASS)
③ Mhangura yakakurumidza acetic acid spray test (CASS)
(4) Alternating salt spray test
Salt spray corrosion testing equipment
Ongororo yemhinduro dzebvunzo dzekupfapfaidza munyu
Idzo nzira dzekuongorora dzemunyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo dzinosanganisira chiyero nzira, corrosion chiitiko chekuongorora nzira uye yekuyera nzira.
01
Rating nzira
Nzira yezviyero inopatsanura chikamu chechikamu chenzvimbo yekuora kunharaunda yese kuita mamakisi akati wandei zvichienderana neimwe nzira, uye inotora giredhi rakati sehwaro hwekutonga kwakakodzera. Iyi nzira inokodzera kuongororwa kweflat plate samples. Semuyenzaniso, GB/T 6461-2002, ISO 10289-2001, ASTM B537-70(2013), ASTM D1654-2005 vese vanoshandisa nzira iyi kuongorora mibairo yekupfapfaidza munyu.
Chiyero chekudzivirira uye chiyero chekutaridzika
RP uye RA tsika dzinoverengerwa sezvizvi:
Ikoko: RP ndiyo yekudzivirira chiyero kukosha; RA ndiyo chitarisiko chekuyera kukosha; A ndiyo chikamu chechikamu chakasvibiswa chesimbi yematrix munzvimbo yose apo RP inoverengwa; RA ndiyo chikamu chechikamu chakasvibiswa chekudzivirira munzvimbo yose.
Overlay classification uye subjective evaluation
Chiyero chekudzivirira chinoratidzwa se: RA/ -
Semuenzaniso, kana ngura shoma inodarika 1% yepasi uye isingasviki 2.5% yepasi, inoratidzwa se: 5/ -
Chitarisiko chekuyera chinoratidzwa se: - / RA kukosha + subjective evaluation + overlay kukundikana level
Semuenzaniso, kana nzvimbo yacho inopfuura 20%, ndeye: - / 2mA
Chiyero chekuita chinoratidzirwa seRA kukosha + subjective evaluation + pamusoro pekutadza nhanho
Semuenzaniso, kana pasina matrix metal corrosion mumuenzaniso, asi paine kunyorova kweanodic inovhara layer isingasviki 1% yenzvimbo yese, inoratidzwa se10/6sC.
Mufananidzo weakafukidzwa ane negative polarity akananga kune substrate simbi
02
Nzira yekuongorora kuvepo kwe corrodes
Corrosion assessment nzira imhando yekutsunga nzira, yakavakirwa pamunyu wekupfapfaidza corrosion test, ingave chigadzirwa corrosion phenomenon kuona sampuli. Semuenzaniso, JB4 159-1999, GBB4.11-1983, GB/T 4288-2003 yakagamuchira nzira iyi kuti iongorore mhinduro dzebvunzo dzemunyu.
Corrosion hunhu tafura yezvakajairwa electroplating zvikamu mushure memunyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo
Kuverengera nzira yecorrosion rate:
01
Iyo yakakosha hunyoro hunyoro hwesimbi corrosion inenge 70%. Kana hunyoro hwehukama hwasvika kana kudarika hunyoro hwakakosha uhu, munyu unenge wakapfava kuita electrolyte ine conductivity yakanaka. Kana hunyoro hwehukama hukadzikira, munyu wemunyu unowedzera kusvika crystalline munyu wadzikira, uye chiyero chekuora chinodzikira zvinoenderana. Sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, kufamba kwema molecular kunowedzera uye chiyero chekuora chepamusoro chemunyu wekupfapfaidza chinowedzera. Sangano reInternational Electrotechnical Commission rinoratidza kuti corrosion rate inowedzera ne 2 ~ 3 times uye conductivity ye electrolyte inowedzera ne10 ~ 20% pakuwedzera kwegumi ℃ kwega kwega tembiricha. Kune yekusarerekera munyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo, inowanzo fungwa kuti 35 ℃ ndiyo tembiricha yakakodzera.02Concentration yemhinduro
Iyo yekuisa Angle yemuenzaniso
Iyo sedimentation direction yekupfapfaidza munyu iri padyo nekwainomira. Kana sampuli yaiswa yakachinjika, nzvimbo yayo yekufungidzira ndiyo hombe, uye nzvimbo yemuenzaniso inobereka yakanyanya kupfapfaidza munyu, saka ngura ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kana ndiro yesimbi iri 45 ° kubva kumutsara wakatwasuka, kuonda kwehuremu paskweya mita ndeye 250g, uye kana ndiro yesimbi ichienderana nemutsara wakatwasuka, kuonda kurema kuri 140g per square mita. GB/T 2423.17-1993 yakajairwa inoti: "Nzira yekuisa sampuli yakatsetseka ichave yekuti nzvimbo yakaedzwa ichave paAngle ye30 ° kubva kune yakatwasuka nzira".
04 PH
kudzikisira pH, kunowedzera kuwanda kwehydrogen ions mumushonga, iyo inowedzera acidic uye inoparadza. Neutral salt spray test (NSS) pH kukosha ndeye 6.5 ~ 7.2. Nekuda kwesimba rezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, iyo pH kukosha kwemunyu mhinduro ichachinja. Kuti uvandudze kuberekana kwemunyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo mhinduro, iyo pH kukosha kwehuwandu hwemunyu inotsanangurwa muyero yemunyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye nzira yekudzikamisa iyo pH kukosha kwemunyu mhinduro panguva yebvunzo inokurudzirwa.
05
Huwandu hwemunyu wekupfapfaidza deposition uye nzira yekupfapfaidza
Iyo yakanyanya kunaka iyo munyu yekupfapfaidza zvidimbu, iyo yakakura nzvimbo yainoumba, iyo yakawanda yainoshambadza okisijeni, uye inowedzera kuita ngura. Kunyanya kuipa kuri pachena kwenzira dzechinyakare dzekupfapfaidza, kusanganisira nzira yepneumatic spray uye shongwe yekupfapfaidza nzira, kusafanana kweiyo munyu yekupfapfaidza deposition uye yakakura dhayamita yemunyu wekupfapfaidza zvimedu. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekupfapfaidza dzinewo mhedzisiro pane pH yemushonga wemunyu.
Zviyero zvine chekuita nemunyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo.
Yakareba sei awa yemunyu munzvimbo yakasikwa?
Munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri, imwe ndeye yakasikwa nharaunda bvunzo, imwe yacho yekugadzira inomhanyisa yakamisikidzwa yakamisikidzwa munyu pfapfaidzo nharaunda bvunzo.
Artificial simulation yemunyu yekupfapfaidza nharaunda bvunzo ndeye kushandisa yekuyedza ine imwe vhoriyamu nzvimbo - munyu wekupfapfaidza test room, munzvimbo yayo yevhoriyamu nenzira dzekugadzira kugadzira nharaunda yekupfapfaidza munyu kuti uongorore kusakara kwechigadzirwa. Kuenzaniswa nenharaunda yechisikigo, munyu wechloride munzvimbo yekupfapfaidza munyu unogona kuwanda kana makumi enguva dzemunyu wekupfapfaidza zviri mukati meyakasikwa nharaunda, kuitira kuti kumhanya kwecorrosion kuvandudzwe zvakanyanya, uye bvunzo yekupfapfaidza munyu pa. chigadzirwa chakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, zvinogona kutora gore 1 kuti sampuli yechigadzirwa ive ngura pasi pekuratidzwa kwechisikigo, nepo mibairo yakafanana inogona kuwanikwa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana pasi peyakagadzirwa yakateedzerwa yekupfapfaidza munyu.
Artificial yakateedzerwa munyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo inosanganisira kusarerekera munyu kupfapfaidza bvunzo, acetate pfapfaidzo bvunzo, yemhangura yemunyu yakakwidziridza acetate pfapfaidzo bvunzo, kushandura munyu pfapfaidzo bvunzo.
(1) Neutral munyu wekupfapfaidza bvunzo (NSS bvunzo) inokurumidza corrosion bvunzo nzira ine yekutanga kutaridzika uye yakakura kwazvo nzvimbo yekushandisa. Inoshandisa 5% sodium chloride brine solution, mhinduro pH yakagadziriswa muurere renji (6 ~ 7) semushonga wekupfapfaidza. Tembiricha yekuedzwa yakaiswa pa 35℃, uye mwero wekugadzika kwemunyu wekupfapfaidza waidiwa kuva pakati pe1 ~ 2ml/80cm².h.
(2) acetate spray bvunzo (ASS bvunzo) inogadzirwa pahwaro hwekusarerekera munyu kupfapfaidza bvunzo. Iko kuwedzera imwe glacial acetic acid kune 5% sodium chloride solution, kuitira kuti pH kukosha kwemushonga kudonhe kusvika pa3, mhinduro inova acidic, uye pakupedzisira munyu wekupfapfaidza unoumbwa kubva kune neutral salt spray mu acid. Mwero wekuora unomhanya zvakapetwa katatu pane bvunzo yeNSS.
(3) Copper munyu yakamhanyisa acetate spray bvunzo (CASS bvunzo) inokurumidza munyu yekupfapfaidza corrosion test yakagadzirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kunze kwenyika. Tembiricha yekuyedza i50 ℃, uye munyu mushoma wemhangura - copper chloride inowedzerwa mumushonga wemunyu kuti unyanye kuita ngura. Inoita ngura nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kasere kupfuura bvunzo yeNSS.
Pasi pezvakajairwa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, iyo inotevera nguva yekushandura fomula inogona kurehwa:
Neutral salt spray test 24h yakasikwa nharaunda kwegore rimwe
Acetate mist bvunzo 24h yakasikwa nharaunda kwemakore matatu
Mhangura munyu yakamhanyisa acetate mhute bvunzo 24h yakasikwa nharaunda ye8 makore
Naizvozvo, tichitarisa nharaunda yeMarine, munyu wekupfapfaidza, kunyorova uye kwakaoma kuchinjika, kunyungudika-kunyunguduka maitiro, isu tinotenda kuti kushora kwekudzivirira kwemidziyo yehove munzvimbo dzakadai kunofanira kungove chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezviyedzo zvakajairika.
Naizvozvo, tichitarisa nharaunda yeMarine, munyu wekupfapfaidza, kunyorova uye kwakaoma kuchinjika, kunyungudika-kunyunguduka maitiro, isu tinotenda kuti kushora kwekudzivirira kwemidziyo yehove munzvimbo dzakadai kunofanira kungove chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezviyedzo zvakajairika.
Ndiko kusaka tichida zvikepe zvekuraura kuti tive nazvoMetal halide rambi ballastuye capacitors akaiswa mukati. Chibatiso chemwenje che4000w Chiedza chekuredza pabhodhiinofanira kuvharwa nechinhu chinogona kumira kupfuura 230 degrees Celsius. Kuve nechokwadi chokuti zviedza zvehove mukushandiswa kwemaitiro, hazvizorasikirwi nekuisa chisimbiso, uye mumunyu wakapfapfaidza, zvichiita kuti mwenje chivharo chiparare, zvichiita kuti chiedza chegirobhu chiputse.
Pamusoro, a4000w mwenje wekuredza unokwezva tunaraishandiswa nechikepe chekubata hove kwehafu yegore. Kaputeni haana kuchengeta mwenje munzvimbo yakaoma pasi kana kutarisa chisimbiso cherambi nokuti akanga akarinda chitsuwa kwegore. Paakashandisa rambi zvakare mushure megore, chipande chemwenje chakaputika
Nguva yekutumira: May-15-2023