Ibara rifite akamaro?
Iki nikibazo gikomeye, kandi abarobyi bamaze igihe kinini bashaka amabanga yacyo. Bamwe mu barobyi batekereza ko guhitamo amabara ari ngombwa, abandi bakavuga ko ntacyo bitwaye. Mu buhanga,
Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibitekerezo byombi bishobora kuba aribyo. Hariho ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko guhitamo ibara ryiza bishobora kongera amahirwe yo gukurura amafi mugihe ibidukikije bibaye byiza, ariko siyanse irashobora kandi kwerekana ko mubindi bihe, ibara rifite agaciro gake kandi ridafite akamaro kuruta gutekereza.
Amafi amaze imyaka irenga miliyoni 450 kandi ni ibiremwa bidasanzwe. Mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, bakoze ibintu byinshi byiza byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Kubaho mu isi y'amazi ntibyoroshye, hamwe n'amahirwe menshi yo kubungabunga ibidukikije kimwe n'ibibazo bikomeye. Kurugero, ijwi ryihuta inshuro eshanu mumazi kuruta mu kirere, amazi rero ni meza cyane. Inyanja mubyukuri ni ahantu huzuye urusaku. Mugihe ufite imyumvire myiza yo kumva, ukoresheje ugutwi kwimbere hamwe numurongo wuruhande kugirango umenye umuhigo cyangwa wirinde abanzi, amafi arashobora kubyungukiramo. Amazi arimo kandi ibintu bidasanzwe amafi akoresha kugirango amenye abandi bagize ubwoko bwabo, gushaka ibiryo, gutahura inyamaswa zangiza no gukora indi mirimo mugihe cyo kororoka nikigera. Amafi yagize umunuko udasanzwe ukeka ko aruta miriyoni kurusha abantu.
Nyamara, amazi nikibazo gikomeye cyo kureba no kurangi kumafi nabarobyi. Byinshi mubiranga urumuri bihinduka vuba hamwe n'amazi n'ubujyakuzimu.
Kwiyongera k'umucyo kuzana iki?
Umucyo abantu babona ni agace gato gusa k'imirasire ya electromagnetique yakiriwe n'izuba, ibyo tubona nkibintu bigaragara.
Ibara nyirizina mubice bigaragara bigenwa nuburebure bwumucyo:
Uburebure burebure ni umutuku na orange
Uburebure bugufi ni icyatsi, ubururu nubururu
Nyamara, amafi menshi arashobora kubona amabara tutabikora, harimo urumuri ultraviolet.
Umucyo Ultraviolet ugenda kure mumazi kurenza uko benshi tubitekereza.
Bamwe mu barobyi rero batekereza:itara ryuburobyigukurura amafi neza
Iyo urumuri rwinjiye mumazi, ubukana bwayo bugabanuka vuba kandi ibara ryayo rihinduka. Izi mpinduka zitwa attenuation. Attenuation nigisubizo cyibikorwa bibiri: gutatanya no kwinjiza. Ikwirakwizwa ryumucyo riterwa nuduce cyangwa ibindi bintu bito byahagaritswe mumazi - ibice byinshi, niko gutatana. Gukwirakwiza urumuri mu mazi bisa nkaho ingaruka zumwotsi cyangwa igihu mwikirere. Bitewe ninzuzi zinjira, amazi yinyanja mubusanzwe afite ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe, bikurura ibintu kuva hasi, no kongera plankton. Kubera ubwinshi bwibikoresho byahagaritswe, urumuri rusanzwe rwinjira mubwimbuto buto. Mu mazi asobanutse neza yo mu nyanja, urumuri rwinjira mubwimbitse.
Kwinjiza urumuri biterwa nibintu byinshi, nkumucyo uhinduka ubushyuhe cyangwa ugakoreshwa mubisubizo byimiti nka fotosintezeza. Ikintu cyingenzi cyane ni ingaruka zamazi ubwayo mukwinjiza urumuri. Kuburebure butandukanye bwumucyo, umubare winjiza uratandukanye; Muyandi magambo, amabara yakirwa muburyo butandukanye. Uburebure burebure, nk'umutuku n'icunga, byinjizwa vuba cyane kandi byinjira mu bujyakuzimu bworoshye kuruta uburebure bw'ubururu bugufi n'ubururu.
Absorption nayo igabanya intera urumuri rushobora kugenda mumazi. Hafi ya metero eshatu (hafi metero 10), hafi 60 ku ijana by'urumuri rwose (urumuri rw'izuba cyangwa urumuri rw'ukwezi), urumuri rutukura hafi ya yose ruzaba rwinjiye. Kuri metero 10 (hafi metero 33), hafi 85 ku ijana yumucyo wose hamwe numucyo wose wumutuku, orange numuhondo. Ibi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo gukusanya amafi. Ubujyakuzimu bwa metero eshatu, umutuku uhinduka urubura kugirango ugaragare nk'imvi, kandi uko ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, amaherezo ihinduka umukara. Nkuko ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, urumuri rugenda rwijimye ruhinduka ubururu hanyuma amaherezo rukirabura nkuko andi mabara yose yinjiye.
Kwinjiza cyangwa kuyungurura ibara nabyo bikora mu buryo butambitse. Ubundi rero, indege itukura kuri metero nkeya uvuye kumafi bigaragara ko ari imvi. Muri ubwo buryo, andi mabara ahinduka hamwe nintera. Kugirango ibara rigaragare, rigomba gukubitwa nurumuri rwibara rimwe hanyuma rikagaragarira mubyerekezo byamafi. Niba amazi yarahindutse cyangwa ayungurura) ibara, iryo bara rizagaragara nkimvi cyangwa umukara. Bitewe n'uburebure bunini bw'umurongo wa UV winjira, fluorescence ikomoka kumirasire ya ultraviolet nigice cyingenzi cyane mubidukikije bikungahaye mumazi.
Kubwibyo, ibibazo bibiri bikurikira bikwiriye gutekereza kubashakashatsi bacu bose:
1. Nkuko twese tubizi, LED nisoko yumucyo ukonje, nta mucyo ultraviolet, ariko nigute wongera ubwinshi bwurumuri rwa UV muriLED itara ryo kuroba,kugirango wongere ubushobozi bwo gukurura amafi?
2. Nigute ushobora gukuraho imirasire ngufi ya ultraviolet yangiza umubiri wumuntu muriMH itara ryo kuroba, kandi ukagumana gusa imirasire ya UVA yongerera ubushobozi bwo gukurura amafi?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2023