A. igabanijwe n'ahantu hakoreshejwe amazi (agace k'inyanja)
1. Ubufi bunini kuroba mumazi yimbere (inzuzi, ibiyaga nibigega)
Uburobyi bwamazi bwimbere bivuga ibikorwa binini byo kuroba mumigezi, ibiyaga n'ibigega. Kubera amazi menshi, ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi muri rusange bukomeye. Urugero, uruzi rwa Yangtze, uruzi rwa Yangl, Helongjiang, Ikiyaga cya Taihu, Gupfuka ikiyaga cya Poyang, n'ikiyaga kinini 10 × 107m3), nibindi byinshi muri aya mazi ni amatsinda karemano yamafi cyangwa izindi nyamaswa zo mumazi yubukungu, zikize mumitungo yuburobyi. Kuberako imiterere y'ibidukikije byo hanze yaya mazi atandukanye, kandi umutungo w'abarobyi uratandukanye, ibikoresho byabo byo kuroba no kuroba nabyo biratandukanye. Ibikoresho byo kuroba bikunze kugaragara birimo urushundura rull, trawl na rusige, cyane cyane kubigega binini kandi biciriritse. Bitewe na perrain igoye, hamwe, bamwe bafite ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi barenga 100m, ndetse bamwe bafata uburyo bwo kuroba bukabije bwo guhagarika, gutwara, kubyutsa urutoki runini, kureremba hamwe na staw y'amazi meza Trawl. Mu gihe cy'itumba muri Mongoliya, Helongjiang no mu tundi turere, ni ingirakamaro gukurura inshundura munsi ya barafu.Noneho abarobyi bamwe batangiye gukoresha2000w wicyuma cya hallide amataramu kiyaga cyo gufata sardine nijoro
B. Kuroba ku nkombe
Kuroba ku nkombe, bizwi kandi kuroba mu mazi yo ku nkombe, bivuga kuroba amatungo yo mu mazi kuva mu karere ka karindwi n'amazi ya 40m. Agace k'inyanja ntabwo ari igiterane cyagongana gusa cy'amafi atandukanye yubukungu, shrimp na crab, ariko nanone ahantu hanini. Uburobyi bwo kuroba bwamye bwahoze ari buntu bukuru bwo kuroba kubikorwa byo kuroba mu Bushinwa. Yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'umusaruro w'ivuriro w'Ubushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, nubutaka bugoye bwo kuroba bushobora gucunga. Ibikoresho byayo nyamukuru byo kuroba birimo urushundura rull, isakoshi, mukandagira inshundura, urushundura, gupfukaho, ibipfuno, ibipfuno, ibipfuno bya rage, nibindi hafi y'ibikoresho byo kuroba bifite. Mu bihe byashize, mu musaruro w'ibihe bikomeye byo kuroba mu Bushinwa, byakorewe umubare w'amazi menshi yo mu nyanja, cyane cyane abarote bo mu nyanja, cyane ko inkono irongeye kandi kogosha inkono no mu mutego ku nkombe no hanze, n'umubare munini y'amafi yubukungu, shrimp na liswi byabo bafatiwe mumazi magari; Inzuzi nto kandi ziciriritse. Amahwa yo gufata amahwa afata ibishishwa na udusimba mu nyanja, kandi yageze ku musaruro mwinshi. Kubera ishoramari rinini ry'ubuto bwo kuroba no kuroba, ubukana bwo kuroba ni bunini kandi ubuyobozi n'uburinzi buhagije, cyane cyane umutungo w'uburobyi, cyane cyane umutungo wa epfo, ugize igabanuka rya none ry'abarobyi ibikoresho. Nigute ushobora guhindura ubwinshi bwibikorwa bitandukanye byo kuroba, gushimangira ingamba zo kubungabunga umutungo wuburobyi kandi uhindure imiterere yuburobyi izaba umurimo wambere wamazi ahantu h'amazi.
C. Kuroba
Kuroba inshore bivuga ibikorwa byo kuroba mumazi biri mu bwogero bwa 40 ~ 100m. Agace k'amazi ni ahantu ho kwimuka, kugaburira no kubumba butuye amafi nyamukuru yubukungu na shrimp, kandi nanone kandi ariba umukire. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuroba ni inzira yo hasi, urumuri rutera umuvumo, drift gill net, uburobyi burebire, nibindi bitandukanye ninyanja, ubucucike bwumutungo uri munsi yuko ku nyanja. Mugihe kimwe, ibikorwa byo kuroba bifite ibisabwa byinshi byo kuroba no kuroba. Kubwibyo, hari ibikoresho bike byo kuroba no kuroba byishora mubikorwa byo kuroba kuruta ibyo ku nyanja. Ariko, hamwe no kugabanuka k'umurobyi mu mazi yo ku nkombe, imbaraga zo kuroba zahimbwe muri iyi nyanja mu myaka yashize. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubera ubukana buhebuje bwo kuroba, umutungo w'abarobyi mu gace k'inyanja nawo wanze. Ntabwo rero kwirengagizwa kugirango no gukomeza guhindura ibikorwa byo kuroba, gucunga neza no gushimangira ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nyanja kugirango irambye.iyo, umubare waAmatara yo kuroba nijoroyashyizwe kumurongo wo kuroba offshore igarukira kuri 120.
Kuroba D. Offshore
Kuroba offshore bivuga ibikorwa byumusaruro byuburobyi inyamaswa zo mumazi mumwanya wimbitse yimbitse hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa 100m isobath, nko kuroba mu nyanja y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa no mu nyanja y'Ubushinwa. Mackerel, Scad, Ginseng nandi mafi ya Pelagikiya mu nyanja hagamijwe inyanja y'Uburasirazuba, naho amafi yo hepfo nk'amafi ya dilayika, Fephalopods Olivacey n'abapfakazi barashobora gutezwa imbere. Umutungo w'abarobyi uri hanze y'Inyanja y'Ubushinwa ni umukire, kandi amafi nyamukuru ya Pelagikiya ni Mackerel, Xiulei, Fish Fish, Umubiri Mukuru Niba SCAD, nibindi; Amafi nyamukuru yo hepfo ni snapper yumuhondo, flank amafi yoroshye, zahabu inyanja irimo tuna, amafi yinyanja arimo tuna, amafi yinyanja. Byongeye kandi, inyanja, amababi, amafi yo mu nyanja, Cephalopod na crustaceans barashobora gukomeza kandi bagakoreshwa. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora burimo inzira yo hasi, urushundura rull, uburobyi bwa drange, nibindi. Ibisabwa byo kuroba biri kure yubutaka, ibisabwa byo kuroba biri hejuru, nibikoresho byo kuroba ni binini, nibisohoka kandi Ibisohoka agaciro ntabwo ari binini cyane. Kubwibyo, bigabanya iterambere ryinganda zuburobyi. Ariko rero, urebye inyungu z'igihe kirekire zo kurengera uburenganzira n'inyungu z'Ubushinwa, dukwiye gutera amarozi mu mazi yo hanze, dukoreshe amazi yo hanze, dukoresha igitutu ku mazi abarobyi mu mazi arohamye mu mazi yo ku nkombe n'amatawe kandi akaha inkunga ya politiki kandi Shishikariza kwagura kuroba offshore.
F. Kuroba
Kuroba kure, bizwi kandi kuroba kwa pelagic, bivuga ibikorwa bya pelagic yo gukusanya no gufata inyamaswa zo mu mazi mu nyanja iri kure y'inyanja y'Ubushinwa cyangwa mu mazi ayobowe n'ibindi bihugu. Hano haribintu bibiri byuburobyi bwa pelagic: Icya mbere, ibikorwa byo kuroba muri pelagic mumazi ya pelagic kuva kumugabane wubushinwa, harimo no kuroba mu nyanja yimbitse-yimbitse hamwe nimbitse y'amazi arenga 200m; Undi ni uburobyi mu mazi yo ku nkombe kandi akabisha mu bindi bihugu cyangwa mu turere twavuye mu migabane yabo, cyangwa kuroba. Nkuko amabuye ya margorique akorwa mu mazi yo ku nkombe n'abindi bihugu, usibye gusinyira amasezerano y'uburomba hamwe na bo no kwishyura imisoro y'uburobyi no kwishyura amafaranga yo kuroba, ibikoresho byo kuroba no kuroba n'ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kuroba . Ibikorwa nyamukuru byo kuroba birimo inzira imwe yo hepfo, trawl ebyiri zo hasi, uburobyi bwa tuna bitera squid, nibindi bikoresho byo kuroba muri Aziya yepfo nibindi bikoresho byo mu majyepfo nahandira byose. Byombi kuroba amafi no kuroba byimbitse bikenewe ibikoresho byo kuroba bifite ibikoresho byo kuroba hamwe nibikoresho byo kuroba bishobora kwihanganira umuyaga mwinshi numuraba nintera ndende. Umutungo w'abarobyi muri ibi uturere twinyanja uratandukanye ahantu, kandi ibikoresho byo kuroba byakoreshwaga biratandukanye; Uburyo rusange bwo kuroba burimo uburobyi bwa tuna, bunini-bwo hagati-urwego rwo hagati, umuvumo wa Tuna usukuye, nibindi. Kandi urumuri rutera squid squid ni abahoze muburobyi bwateganijwe. Urebye uko ibintu bimeze ubu n'iterambere ryerekana uburobyi bw'Ubushinwa, politiki ishyigikira politiki igomba kwemezwa uburobyi bwa pelagic mu gihe kizaza.
G. Kuroba
Kuroba gushinga, bizwi kandi kuroba bwa polar, bivuga ibikorwa byumusaruro byo gukusanya no gufata amatungo yo mu mazi mu mazi ya Antacactike cyangwa arctique. Kugeza ubu, amoko yonyine yakoreshejwe mu mutungo wa antarctike ni antarctike krill (eufusia superba), EDD ya Antacalic (Amafi ya Equarthia (Squarthic KILL nini. Kugeza ubu, uburobyi bw'Ubushinwa no guteza imbere Antaragitika Krill iracyari mu cyiciro cy'ibanze, hamwe n'ubunini bwa toni 1000000 ndetse n'ahantu hakorerwa ka 60 ° mu mazi yo mu birwa bya Malvinas (Ibirwa bya Falkland). Imbaraga z'ubwato bw'uburobyi ni kilowatts nyinshi, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya; Uburyo bwo gukora ni urwego rwo hejuru rwo hagati; Imiterere ya Antaragitika Krill Trawl Net ahanini ahanini ni igice cya 4 cyangwa 6. Itandukaniro rinini kuva kumurongo wigabukuru yo hagati-urwego ni uko ingano ya mesh yumufuka net na mesh yumutwe wumufuka igomba kuba ntoya kugirango wirinde Krilling kuri mesh. Ingano ya mesh ni 20mm, nuburebure bwa net buri muri rusange birenga 100m. Iyo ukorera mumazi maremare munsi ya 200m, umuvuduko wo kugwa wa net ni 0.3m / s, kandi umuvuduko wa trawl ni (2.5 ± 0.5) knon.
H. Kuroba kwidagadura
Kuroba kwidagadura, bizwi kandi nkabarobyi kwidagadura, bizwi kandi nka "uburobyi bwo kwidagadura", bivuga ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuroba hagamijwe kwidagadura, imyidagaduro na siporo y'amazi. Mubisanzwe, ahanini ni inkoni yo kuroba no kuroba. Amafi amwe ku nkombe, hamwe n'amafi amwe ku bwato budasanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwuburobyi ni buto, muri rusange ikorerwa ku nkombe, ibyuzi cyangwa ibigega, ariko muri byo byoga no kuroga no kuroba mu nyanja ya kure. Nyuma yo kumenyekanisha ibikenewe byibanze byubuzima bwa buri munsi nkimyambarire, ibiryo, amazu no gutwara abantu, abantu bakunze gukurikirana ibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru no kwishimira mu mwuka. Muri Amerika, uburobyi bwabaye inganda zikomeye kandi bigagira uruhare runini mubukungu bwigihugu ndetse nubuzima bwabantu. Kuroba nabyo biratera imbere ahantu hamwe mubushinwa.
2. Mu kuroba ibikoresho n'uburobyi byakoreshejwe
Ukurikije ibikoresho byo kuroba nuburyo bwo kuroba byakoreshejwe, hariho uburobyi bwa gill, umuvumo, uburobyi bwo kuroba, net arohereza uburobyi, inyubako yinjiza Gushiraho uburobyi, kuroba
3. Ukurikije umubare wuburozi bwo kuroba bukoreshwa, kuroba nibintu biranga
Ukurikije umubare wuburozi bwo kuroba ukoreshwa, kuroba hamwe nibiranga ibikorwa, hari ubwato bumwe bwubwato, ubwato bureremba, mukandagira, munzira yo hasi, amazi yo hagati hamwe namazi meza. Kwinjiza Ibyuma 1000W Uburobyi bwo kuroba urumuri Kuroba4000w ibyuma bya hallide amataraUbwato bwubwato bwo kuroba, induction yoroheje yo kuroba (kwishyiriraho urumuri rwuburobyi); Kuroba maremare (ukoresheje amatara yo kuroba ubwato kandiAmazi yo kuroba, nibindi
Iyi ngingo yakuwe mu nyigisho rusange yo kuroba mu nyanja no mu nyanja y'umuhondo na Bohai.
Igihe cya nyuma: Werurwe-12-2022