Uburyo butandukanye bwo Kuroba

A. Igabanijwe nubutaka bwamazi (agace k'inyanja)

1. Kuroba hejuru yuburobyi mumazi yimbere (inzuzi, ibiyaga nibigega)

Uburobyi bw'amazi yo mu gihugu bivuga ibikorwa binini byo kuroba hejuru yinzuzi, ibiyaga n'ibigega. Kubera ubuso bunini bwamazi, ubujyakuzimu bwamazi muri rusange. Kurugero, uruzi rwa Yangtze, umugezi wa Pearl, Heilongjiang, Ikiyaga cya Taihu, Ikiyaga cya Dongting, Ikiyaga cya Poyang, Ikiyaga cya Qinghai, n’ibigega binini (ubushobozi bwo kubika 10 × Kurenga 107m3), ikigega giciriritse (ubushobozi bwo kubika 1.00) × 107 ~ 10 × 107m3), nibindi byinshi muri ayo mazi ni amatsinda asanzwe y amafi cyangwa izindi nyamaswa zo mu mazi zubukungu, zikungahaye kuburobyi. Kubera ko ibidukikije byo hanze y’amazi atandukanye, kandi umutungo wuburobyi uratandukanye, ibikoresho byabo byo kuroba nuburyo bwo kuroba nabyo biratandukanye. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muburobyi bikubiyemo inshundura za gill, trawl hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka, cyane cyane kubigega binini kandi binini. Bitewe nubutaka bugoye hamwe nubutaka, bamwe bafite ubujyakuzimu bwamazi arenga 100m, kandi bamwe bafata uburyo bwo kuroba hamwe bwo guhagarika, gutwara, gutera icyuma no kurambura, hamwe nimpeta nini nini ya Seine net, umutambiko ureremba hamwe n’amazi atandukanye. trawl. Mu gihe c'itumba muri Mongoliya y'imbere, Heilongjiang no mu tundi turere, ni byiza kandi gukurura inshundura munsi y'urubura. Ubu abarobyi bamwe batangiye gukoresha2000w icyuma cya halide amatara yo kurobamu kiyaga gufata sardine nijoro

B. Kuroba ku nkombe

Uburobyi bwo ku nkombe, buzwi kandi nk'uburobyi mu mazi yo ku nkombe, bivuga uburobyi bw’inyamaswa zo mu mazi kuva mu karere kegeranye kugera ku mazi magari afite ubujyakuzimu bwa 40m. Aka gace k'inyanja ntabwo ari akabyara no kubyibuha gusa k'amafi atandukanye akomeye mu bukungu, urusenda n'igikona, ahubwo ni n'akarere kanini cyane. Ubutaka bwo kuroba ku nkombe buri gihe niho hantu h’uburobyi bukorerwa mu Bushinwa ibikorwa byo kuroba mu nyanja. Yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’uburobyi bw’amafi mu Bushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, ni nabwo butaka bugoye kuroba. Ibikoresho byingenzi byuburobyi birimo urushundura rwa gill, isakoshi ya seine net, trawl, urushundura rwubutaka, urushundura rufunguye, gushyira inshundura, gusoma inshundura, igifuniko, umutego, uburobyi bwo kuroba, ihwa rya rake, inkono, nibindi bikoresho hafi yuburobyi nuburyo bukoreshwa bifite. Mu bihe byashize, mu gihe cy’ibihe bikomeye by’uburobyi mu Bushinwa, ibicuruzwa byinshi byo mu mazi byo mu nyanja byakorwaga muri kariya gace k’amazi, cyane cyane uburobyi bweruye, uburobyi bw’inkono n’uburobyi bw’umutego ku nkombe n’inyanja, kandi umubare munini y'amafi yubukungu, urusenda na livine zabo zafatiwe mumazi maremare; Imitsi mito n'iciriritse yo hasi, imitambiko yikariso, imitego ya truss, inshundura zo hasi hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kuroba kugirango ifate amafi y’amafi yo hepfo hamwe n’ibishishwa mu nyanja; Gukuramo amahwa bifata ibishishwa hamwe nudusimba mu nyanja, kandi byageze ku musaruro mwinshi. Bitewe n’ishoramari rinini ry’amato y’uburobyi n’ibikoresho byo kuroba, ubukana bw’uburobyi ni bunini cyane kandi imicungire n’uburinzi ntibihagije, bigatuma habaho uburobyi bw’uburobyi bw’inyanja n’inyanja, cyane cyane umutungo w’uburobyi bwo hasi, bigatuma ubu uburobyi bugabanuka. ibikoresho. Nigute ushobora guhindura ubwinshi bwibikorwa bitandukanye byuburobyi, gushimangira ingamba zo kubungabunga umutungo wuburobyi no guhindura imiterere yuburobyi nicyo gikorwa cyibanze cy’amazi.

C. Kuroba hanze

Uburobyi bwa Inshore bivuga ibikorwa byo kuroba mumazi murwego rwo koga rwa 40 ~ 100m. Aka gace k’amazi ni ahantu ho kwimukira, kugaburira no gutumba imbeho z’amafi y’ubukungu n’urusenda, kandi ikungahaye ku butunzi bw’uburobyi. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuroba ni umutaru wo hasi, urumuri ruterwa na Purse Seine, drift gill net, uburobyi burebure, nibindi. Kubera ko ugereranije kure yinyanja, ubwinshi bwumutungo wuburobyi buri munsi ugereranije ninyanja. Muri icyo gihe, ibikorwa byo kuroba bifite ibisabwa cyane ku bwato bwo kuroba hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kuroba. Kubwibyo, hari amato make yuburobyi nibikoresho byo kuroba bikora ibikorwa byuburobyi kuruta ibyo kuruhande rwinyanja. Ariko, hamwe no kugabanuka kwumutungo wuburobyi mumazi yinyanja, ingufu zuburobyi zibanze muri kariya gace kinyanja mumyaka yashize. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubera ubukana bukabije bwo kuroba, umutungo w'uburobyi mu nyanja nawo wagabanutse. Kubwibyo, ntidushobora kwirengagizwa kugirango turusheho guhindura imikorere yuburobyi, gucunga neza no gushimangira ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nyanja kugirango bikomeze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubare waamatara yo kuroba nijoroyashyizwe ku bwato bwo kuroba bwo ku nyanja bugarukira kuri 120.

D. Kuroba hanze

Uburobyi bwo ku nyanja bivuga ibikorwa by’uburobyi bw’inyamaswa zo mu mazi mu nyanja nini y’ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 100 za isobath, nko kuroba mu mazi yo mu nyanja y’Ubushinwa n’inyanja y’Ubushinwa. Mackerel, SCAD, ginseng nandi mafi ya pelagisi mu nyanja yo ku nyanja y’iburasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa, n’amafi yo hepfo nk’amafi yo mu mabuye, cephalopode, snapper bigeye snapper, amafi y’umutwe wa kare, Paralichthys olivaceus n’umupfakazi arashobora gutezwa imbere. Uburobyi buturuka hanze yinyanja yUbushinwa burakize cyane, kandi amafi nyamukuru ya pelagasi ni makerel, xiulei, amafi ya Zhuying, umuhinde wikubye kabiri Shao, umubiri muremure niba SCAD, nibindi; Amafi nyamukuru yo hepfo ni snapper yumuhondo, amafi yoroshye, amafi ya zahabu, bigeye snapper, nibindi. Amafi yo mu nyanja arimo tuna, bonito, amafi yinkota, marlin yubururu (bakunze kwita inkovu yumukara wumukara na marlin yumukara). Byongeye kandi, ibinyamanswa, ibibabi, amafi yo mu nyanja, cephalopode na crustaceans birashobora gutezwa imbere no gukoreshwa. Uburyo bukuru bwibikorwa burimo trawl yo hepfo, gill net, kuroba kuroba, nibindi. Kuberako amazi yo mumazi ari kure yinkombe yubutaka, ibisabwa mubwato bwuburobyi, ibikoresho byuburobyi nibikoresho biri hejuru, amafaranga yo kuroba ni menshi, nibisohoka na umusaruro usohoka ntabwo ari munini cyane. Kubwibyo, irabuza mu buryo butaziguye iterambere ry’inganda z’uburobyi. Icyakora, urebye inyungu ndende zo kurengera uburenganzira n’inyungu z’Ubushinwa, dukwiye guteza imbere uburobyi mu mazi yo mu nyanja, gukoresha neza umutungo w’uburobyi bwo mu nyanja, kugabanya umuvuduko w’uburobyi mu mazi y’inyanja n’inyanja, kandi tugatanga inkunga ya politiki kandi shishikarizwa kwagura uburobyi bwo hanze.

F. Uburobyi

Uburobyi bwa kure, buzwi kandi ku burobyi bwa pelagisi, bivuga ibikorwa byo gukora byo gukusanya no gufata amatungo y’ubukungu bw’amazi mu nyanja kure y’umugabane w’Ubushinwa cyangwa mu mazi ayobowe n’ibindi bihugu. Hariho imyumvire ibiri yuburobyi bwa pelagisi: icya mbere, ibikorwa byuburobyi mumazi ya pelagasi mumirometero 200 N uvuye kumugabane wUbushinwa, harimo ibikorwa byuburobyi mumazi yinyanja ninyanja ndende hamwe nuburebure bwamazi arenga 200m; Undi ni uburobyi mu mazi yo ku nkombe n’inyanja y’ibindi bihugu cyangwa uturere kure y’umugabane wabo, cyangwa uburobyi bw’inyanja. Nkuko uburobyi bwa transoceanic bukorerwa mu mazi yo ku nkombe n’inyanja y’ibindi bihugu n’uturere, usibye gusinyana nabo amasezerano y’uburobyi no kwishyura imisoro y’uburobyi cyangwa amafaranga yo gukoresha umutungo, amato mato y’uburobyi n’ibikoresho byo kuroba hamwe n’ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kuroba. . Ibikorwa byingenzi byuburobyi birimo umutaru umwe wo hasi, umutaru wikubye kabiri, uburobyi bwa tuna ndende, uburobyi bworoheje bwatewe nuburobyi, nibindi. Uburobyi bwo mu nyanja hamwe n’uburobyi bwimbitse bukenera ubwato bwuburobyi bufite ibikoresho byiza hamwe nibikoresho byo kuroba bishobora kwihanganira umuyaga mwinshi n imiraba hamwe nogukora urugendo rurerure. Uburobyi muri utwo turere twinyanja buratandukanye bitewe n’ahantu, kandi ibikoresho byo kuroba bikoreshwa nabyo biratandukanye; Uburyo rusange bwo kuroba burimo uburobyi bwa tuna ndende, nini nini yo hagati yo hagati yo hagati na trawl yo hepfo, tuna purse seine, uburobyi buterwa no kuroba, nibindi. n'uburobyi buterwa n'uburobyi ni ubw'uburobyi bwa pelagisi. Urebye uko ubukungu bwifashe muri iki gihe n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa, hagomba gukurikizwa politiki yo gushyigikira uburobyi bwa Pelagic.

G. Uburobyi

Uburobyi bwa polar, buzwi kandi nk'uburobyi bwa polar, bivuga ibikorwa byo gukora byo gukusanya no gufata inyamaswa zo mu mazi zo mu mazi mu mazi ya Antaragitika cyangwa Arctique. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwonyine bwakoreshejwe kandi bukoreshwa mu mutungo w'uburobyi bwa Antaragitika ni krill ya Antaragitika (Euphausia superba), code ya Antaragitika (Notothenia coriicepas) n'amafi ya feza (pleurogramma antarcticum) Ifatwa rya krill ya Antaragitika nini nini. Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwo kuroba no guteza imbere krill ya Antaragitika buracyari mu cyiciro cya mbere, aho uburobyi bungana na toni 10000-30000 hamwe n’ahantu hakorerwa nka 60 ° s mu mazi akikije Ibirwa bya Malvinas (Ibirwa bya Falkland). Imbaraga z'ubwato bwo kuroba ni kilowatt nyinshi, hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya; Imikorere yuburyo ni hagati-urwego rumwe rukurura; Imiterere ya Antarctic krill trawl net ni ahanini ibice 4 cyangwa 6-Igice. Itandukaniro rinini rituruka kumurongo gakondo wo murwego rwohasi ni uko ingano ya mesh yumufuka wa net hamwe na mesh yumutwe wumufuka bigomba kuba bito kugirango wirinde krill guhunga meshi. Ingano ntoya ya mesh ni 20mm, kandi uburebure bwa net burenga 100m. Iyo ukorera mumazi maremare munsi ya 200m, umuvuduko wo kugwa murushundura ni 0.3m / s, naho umuvuduko wikinyabiziga ni (2.5 ± 0.5) kn.

H. Uburobyi bwo kwidagadura

Uburobyi bwo kwidagadura, buzwi kandi nk'uburobyi bwo kwidagadura, buzwi kandi ku izina rya “uburobyi bwo kwidagadura”, bivuga ibikorwa byose by'uburobyi hagamijwe kwidagadura, imyidagaduro na siporo y'amazi. Mubisanzwe, ahanini ni uburobyi bwo kuroba no kuroba intoki. Amafi amwe ku nkombe, andi amafi kuri yachts idasanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwuburobyi ni buto, busanzwe bukorerwa ku nkombe, ibyuzi cyangwa ibigega, ariko hariho koga no kuroba mu nyanja ya kure. Nyuma yo guhaza ibyifuzo byibanze byubuzima bwa buri munsi nkimyambaro, ibiryo, imiturire nubwikorezi, abantu bakurikirana ibintu byo murwego rwohejuru no kwishimira ibyumwuka. Muri Amerika, uburobyi bwabaye inganda zikomeye kandi bugira uruhare runini mubukungu bwigihugu no mubuzima bwabaturage. Uburobyi nabwo butera imbere ahantu hamwe mu Bushinwa.

2. Ukoresheje ibikoresho byo kuroba nuburyo bwo kuroba bwakoreshejwe

Ukurikije ibikoresho byo kuroba hamwe nuburyo bwo kuroba bwakoreshejwe, hariho uburobyi bwa gill, uburobyi bwa seine, uburobyi bwa traweli, uburobyi bw’ubutaka, kuroba inshundura, kuroba inshundura, kuroba inshundura, kuroba inshundura, gushyiramo uburobyi, kubaka net no gushira uburobyi, uburobyi bwa fayili, kuroba birebire, kuroba mu kato, uburobyi buterwa n'uburobyi, n'ibindi. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuroba hamwe nibisobanuro bizasobanurwa mu bice bijyanye n'iki gitabo.

3. Ukurikije umubare wubwato bwuburobyi bwakoreshejwe, ibintu byo kuroba nibiranga imikorere

Ukurikije umubare wubwato bwuburobyi bwakoreshejwe, ibintu byuburobyi nibiranga imikorere, hariho ubwato bumwe, ubwato bubiri, ubwato bureremba hejuru, umutambiko wo hasi, umutambiko wo hagati hamwe na trawle y'amazi ahinduka. Gushiraho 1000w icyuma cya halide uburobyi bworoheje ubwato bumwe Seine kuroba, gushiraho4000w icyuma cya halide itara ryo kurobaubwato bwinshi Seine kuroba, kwinjiza urumuri Uburobyi bwa Seine (gushiraho itara ryo kuroba LED); Uburobyi burebure (ukoresheje amatara yo kuroba ubwato naamatara yo kuroba munsi y'amazi), n'ibindi.

Iyi ngingo yakuwe mu nyigisho rusange y’ibikoresho byo kuroba mu nyanja y’umuhondo no mu nyanja ya Bohai.