Ọtụtụ nrụrụ nke ihe igwe na-eme na gburugburu ikuku, n'ihi na ikuku nwere ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka oxygen na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, yana ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka iru mmiri na mgbanwe okpomọkụ. Nhịhịa ịgba nnu bụ otu n'ime corrosion ikuku na-ahụkarị ma na-emebi emebi.
Ụkpụrụ nke nnu ịgba corrosion
A na-ebute mmebi nke ihe ọla site na ịgba mmiri nnu na-ebutekarị site na ntinye nke ngwọta nnu na-eduzi n'ime metal na mmeghachi omume electrochemical, na-eme ka micro-batrị usoro nke "obere ike metal - electrolyte ngwọta - nnukwu ike adịghị ọcha". Nyefe elektrọn na-eme, na metal dị ka anode na-agbaze ma mepụta ogige ọhụrụ, ya bụ corrosion. Chloride ion na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ime usoro mmebi nke corrosion nke nnu nnu, nke nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ike, dị mfe ịbanye n'ime metal oxide oyi akwa n'ime ígwè ahụ, na-ebibi ọnọdụ nke ígwè ahụ; N'otu oge ahụ, ion chloride nwere obere ume hydration, nke dị mfe ịkwado n'elu ígwè ahụ, na-edochi oxygen na oyi akwa oxide na-echebe ígwè ahụ, nke mere na ígwè ahụ mebiri emebi.
Ụzọ nnwale corrosion nnu na nhazi ọkwa
Nnwale ịgba nnu bụ usoro nleba anya nguzogide corrosion maka ikuku ikuku. Ọ bụ ịta nke brine atomized; Mgbe ahụ fesaa n'ime igbe thermostatic mechiri emechi, site n'ịhụ mgbanwe nke nlele a nwalere etinyere n'ime igbe ahụ maka oge iji gosipụta nguzogide corrosion nke ihe nlele a nwalere, ọ bụ usoro nnwale ngwa ngwa, ntinye nnu nke gburugburu nnu nnu chloride. , ma n'ozuzu eke gburugburu ebe obibi nnu ịgba ọdịnaya ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro, nke mere na corrosion ọnụego na-ukwuu mma, nnu ịgba ule na ngwaahịa, The oge na-esi pụta nwekwara e ike ibelata.
Nnwale ịgba nnu tupu na mgbe emechara
Oge corrosion nke ihe nlele ngwaahịa nwere ike were otu afọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ afọ mgbe a nwalere ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, mana enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ yiri ya n'ime ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ọbụna awa mgbe a nwalere ya na gburugburu ebe ịgba nnu simulated.
A na-ekewa ule ịgba nnu n'ụdị anọ:
① Nnwale ịgba mmiri na-anọpụ iche (NSS)
② Acetic acid spray test (AASS)
③ Ọla kọpa accelerated acetic acid spray test (CASS)
(4) Nnwale ịgba nnu ọzọ
Ngwa nyocha corrosion nnu nnu
Nlele nsonaazụ ule ịgba nnu
Ụzọ nleba anya nke ule ịgba nnu na-agụnye usoro nrịbama, usoro nleba anya ọnọdụ corrosion na usoro ịtụ.
01
Usoro ọkwa
Usoro nrịbama na-ekewa pasentị nke mpaghara corrosion na mpaghara mkpokọta n'ime ọtụtụ akara ule dị ka usoro ụfọdụ siri dị, wee were otu ọkwa dịka ntọala maka ikpe tozuru oke. Usoro a dabara adaba maka nyocha nke ihe nlele efere dị larịị. Ọmụmaatụ, GB/T 6461-2002, ISO 10289-2001, ASTM B537-70(2013), ASTM D1654-2005 niile na-eji usoro a nyochaa nsonaazụ ịgba nnu.
Ogo nchedo na ogo ọdịdị
A na-agbakọ ụkpụrụ RP na RA dịka ndị a:
Ebe: RP bụ uru nleba anya nchekwa; RA bụ uru nleba anya ọdịdị; A bụ pasentị nke akụkụ mebiri emebi nke igwe matrix na mpaghara mkpokọta mgbe a na-agbakọ RP; RA bụ pasent nke akụkụ mebiri emebi nke oyi akwa mkpuchi na mpaghara mkpokọta.
Nhazi nke machie na nyocha nke onwe
E gosipụtara ọkwa nchedo dịka: RA/ -
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ntakịrị nchara gafere 1% nke elu ma erughị 2.5% nke elu, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka: 5/ -
A na-egosipụta ọkwa ọdịdị dị ka: – / RA uru + nleba anya nke onwe + ọkwa ọdịda machie
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ebe ntụpọ karịrị 20%, ọ bụ: - /2mA
E gosipụtara ọkwa arụmọrụ dị ka uru RA + nyocha ihe gbasara onwe + ọkwa ọdịda machie
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na enweghị matrix metal corrosion na sample, mana enwere obere corrosion nke oyi akwa mkpuchi anodic na-erughị 1% nke mpaghara mkpokọta, a na-egosi ya dị ka 10/6sC.
Foto nke ihe machie nwere polarity na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ ọla mkpụrụ osisi ahụ
02
Usoro maka nyochaa ọnụnọ nke corrodes
Usoro ntule corrosion bụ usoro njiri mara mma, ọ dabere na nnwale corrosion nnu nnu, ma ọ bụ ihe nrụrụ ngwaahịa iji chọpụta ihe nlele. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, JB4 159-1999, GJB4.11-1983, GB/T 4288-2003 nakweere usoro a iji nyochaa nsonaazụ nyocha nke nnu nnu.
Tebụlụ njirimara corrosion nke akụkụ electroplating nkịtị mgbe ule ịgba nnu gachara
Usoro ịgbakọ ọnụego corrosion:
01
Igwe iru mmiri dị oke egwu maka corrosion metal bụ ihe dịka 70%. Mgbe iru mmiri ruru ma ọ bụ karịa iru mmiri a dị oke egwu, a ga-etinye nnu ka ọ bụrụ electrolyte nwere ezigbo conductivity. Mgbe iru mmiri dị ala na-ebelata, ntinye ngwọta nnu ga-abawanye ruo mgbe nnu kristal na-ebuli elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion ga-ebelata ya. Ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, mmegharị ahụ molekụla na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion nke nnukwu ịgba nnu na-abawanye. The International Electrotechnical Commission na-arụtụ aka na corrosion ọnụego na-abawanye site 2 ~ 3 ugboro na conductivity nke electrolyte na-abawanye site 10 ~ 20% maka ọ bụla 10 ℃ abawanye na okpomọkụ. Maka ule ịgba nnu na-anọpụ iche, a na-ewerekarị na 35 ℃ bụ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị.02Ntinye uche nke ngwọta
Ntụnye akụkụ nke sample
Ntuziaka sedimentation nke nnu nnu dị nso na ntụziaka kwụ ọtọ. Mgbe a na-etinye ihe nlele ahụ n'ahịrị, ebe ntule ya bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, na n'elu ihe nlele na-ebu nnu nnu, ya mere corrosion bụ nke kachasị njọ. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na mgbe efere ígwè dị 45º site na ahịrị kwụ ọtọ, ọnwụ nke corrosion arọ kwa square mita bụ 250g, na mgbe efere ígwè dị n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ, ọnwụ corrosion bụ 140g kwa square mita. GB / T 2423.17-1993 ọkọlọtọ na-ekwu, sị: "Usoro nke itinye ihe nlele ahụ dị larịị ga-abụ na elu a nwalere ga-adị n'akụkụ 30 ° site na vetikal direction".
04 PH
belata pH, nke dị elu nke ion hydrogen na ngwọta, ka acidic na corrosive. Nnwale ịgba mmiri na-anọpụ iche (NSS) pH bụ 6.5 ~ 7.2. N'ihi mmetụta nke ihe gburugburu ebe obibi, uru pH nke ngwọta nnu ga-agbanwe. Iji meziwanye reproducibility nke nsonaazụ nyocha nnu nnu, a na-akọwapụta ọnụọgụ pH nke ngwọta nnu na ụkpụrụ nke nyocha nnu nnu n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, a na-atụkwa usoro iji dozie uru pH nke ngwọta nnu n'oge ule ahụ.
05
Ọnụ ego ịgbasa nnu na usoro ịgbasa
Ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-agba nnu na-akawanye mma, ka akụkụ elu ha na-etolite, ka ikuku oxygen na-adabawanye, na-emebiwanye ha. Ọdịmma kacha pụta ìhè nke usoro ịgba mmiri ọdịnala, gụnyere usoro ịgbasa pneumatic na usoro ụlọ elu na-efesa, bụ adịghị mma edo edo nke ịgbasa nnu na nnukwu dayameta nke ihe nfesa nnu. Ụzọ ịgbasa dị iche iche nwekwara mmetụta na pH nke ngwọta nnu.
Ụkpụrụ metụtara ule ịgba nnu.
Ogologo oge ole ka otu awa nke ịgba nnu na gburugburu ebe obibi dị?
A na-ekewa ule ịgba nnu n'ime ụzọ abụọ, otu bụ nnwale mkpughe gburugburu ebe obibi, nke ọzọ bụ nnwale gburugburu ebe obibi nnu simulated simulated.
Ntụle artificial nke nnwale gburugburu nnu nnu bụ iji ngwa nnwale nwere oghere ụfọdụ - ọnụ ụlọ nyocha nnu nnu, n'ime oghere olu ya na ụzọ arụrụ arụ iji mepụta gburugburu ịgba nnu iji nyochaa nguzogide corrosion nke ngwaahịa ahụ. N'iji ya tụnyere gburugburu ebe obibi, ntinye nnu nke chloride na gburugburu ebe a na-agba nnu nwere ike ịbụ ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro nke nnu nnu n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi n'ozuzu ya, nke mere na corrosion ọsọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na ule ịgba nnu nnu na. ngwaahịa na-ukwuu shortened. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere ike were otu afọ maka ihe nlere ngwaahịa ga-emebi emebi n'okpuru mkpughe eke, ebe enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ yiri ya n'ime awa 24 n'okpuru gburugburu ebe ịgbasa nnu simulated.
Nnwale ịgba nnu simulated na-anọpụ iche gụnyere nnwale ịgba nnu na-anọpụ iche, nnwale ịgba mmiri acetate, nnwale ịgbasa nnu ọla kọpa, nnwale ịgba nnu ọzọ.
(1) Nnwale ịgba mmiri na-anọpụ iche (NSS ule) bụ usoro nnwale corrosion na-eme ngwa ngwa nke nwere ọdịdị mbụ yana mpaghara ngwa kachasị agbasa. Ọ na-eji ngwọta 5% sodium chloride brine, ngwọta pH na-edozi na nsonye na-anọpụ iche (6 ~ 7) dị ka ngwọta ịgba. Edebere ule nnwale ahụ na 35 ℃, na ọnụego mmezi nke ịgba nnu kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 1 ~ 2ml/80cm².h.
(2) acetate spray test (ASS test) ka emepụtara na ndabere nke nnwale ịgba nnu na-anọpụ iche. Ọ bụ ịgbakwunye glacial acetic acid na 5% sodium chloride ngwọta, nke mere na pH uru nke ngwọta na-adaba ihe dị ka 3, ngwọta na-aghọ acidic, na n'ikpeazụ, nnu nnu na-emepụta site na-anọpụ iche nnu ịgbasa n'ime acid. Ọnụọgụ corrosion dị ihe dị ka okpukpu atọ ngwa ngwa karịa ule NSS.
(3) Nnwale ịgba ọsọ nnu ọla kọpa (CASS test) bụ nnwale corrosion nnu nnu ngwa ngwa emepụtara na nso nso a na mba ofesi. Okpomọkụ ule bụ 50 ℃, na ntakịrị ego nke nnu ọla kọpa - a na-agbakwunye ọla kọpa chloride n'ime ngwọta nnu iji kpalite corrosion siri ike. Ọ na-emebi ihe dị ka ugboro asatọ ngwa ngwa karịa ule NSS.
N'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi izugbe, usoro ntụgharị oge a nwere ike ịtu aka na ya:
Nnwale ịgba nnu na-anọpụ iche 24h gburugburu ebe obibi maka otu afọ
Acetate alụlụ nwale 24h eke gburugburu ebe obibi maka afọ 3
Nnu ọla kọpa accelerated acetate alụlụ nwale 24h eke gburugburu ebe obibi maka afọ 8
Ya mere, n'echiche nke mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi, nnu ịgba, mmiri na akọrọ alternating, ifriizi-thaw àgwà, anyị kwenyere na corrosion iguzogide nke ịkụ azụ arịa kwesịrị ekwesị na gburugburu ebe obibi kwesịrị ịbụ nanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ot ule.
Ya mere, n'echiche nke mmiri gburugburu ebe obibi, nnu ịgba, mmiri na akọrọ alternating, ifriizi-thaw àgwà, anyị kwenyere na corrosion iguzogide nke ịkụ azụ arịa kwesịrị ekwesị na gburugburu ebe obibi kwesịrị ịbụ nanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ot ule.
Ọ bụ ya mere anyị ji chọọ ka ụgbọ mmiri na-akụ azụ nweeMetal halide oriọna ballastna capacitors arụnyere n'ime ụlọ. Onye na-ejide oriọna nke4000w ọkụ ịkụ azụ n'ụgbọkwesiri iji ihe eji ihe nwere ike idi ihe kariri 230 Celsius. Iji hụ na ọkụ ọkụ na ojiji nke usoro, agaghị ida akara mmetụta, na n'ime nnu ịgba, n'ihi na oriọna okpu corrosion, n'ihi na ìhè bọlbụ mgbawa ezumike.
N'elu, a4000w oriọna ịkụ azụ na-adọta tunae ji ụgbọ mmiri na-akụ azụ mee ihe ruo ọkara otu afọ. Onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ edebeghị oriọna ahụ n’ebe kpọrọ nkụ n’elu ala ma ọ bụ lelee akara oriọna ahụ n’ihi na ọ nọ na-eche àgwàetiti ahụ nche otu afọ. Mgbe o jiri oriọna ahụ ọzọ mgbe otu afọ gachara, mgbawa nke oriọna ahụ gbawara
Oge nzipu: Mee-15-2023