Nā ʻano lawaiʻa like ʻole

A. Māhele ʻia e ka ʻāpana wai hana (kai kai)

1. Ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma luna o ka moana nui (nā muliwai, nā loko a me nā loko)

ʻO ka lawaiʻa wai uka e pili ana i nā hana lawaiʻa ma luna o nā muliwai, loko a me nā loko. Ma muli o ke akea o ka wai, hohonu ka hohonu o ka wai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze, ka muliwai ʻo Pearl, Heilongjiang, Taihu Lake, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Qinghai Lake, a me nā waihona wai nui (hiki i ka mālama ʻana 10 × ʻoi aku ma mua o 107m3), ka nui o ka waihona (kahi mālama 1.00) × 107~ 10 × 107m3), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau wai he pūʻulu maoli o nā iʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona wai waiwai ʻē aʻe, i waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa. No ka mea, ʻokoʻa nā kūlana kaiapuni o waho o kēia mau wai, a he ʻokoʻa ka waiwai lawaiʻa, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi kā lākou mea lawaiʻa a me nā ʻano lawaiʻa. ʻO nā mea lawaiʻa i hoʻohana mau ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻupena gill, trawl a me ka ʻupena lepo, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā loko nui a me ka liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāina a me ke ʻano ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka wai ma mua o 100m, a ʻo kekahi poʻe i hoʻohana i ke ʻano lawaiʻa hui ʻia o ka pale ʻana, ka hoʻokele ʻana, ka hou ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ka ʻupena Seine apo nui, ka ʻupena lana a me ka papa wai loli. ʻuʻuku. I ka hoʻoilo ma Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, he mea pono nō hoʻi e huki i nā ʻupena ma lalo o ka hau. Ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau lawaiʻa e hoʻohana.2000w metala halide kukui lawaiʻai loko o ka loko e hopu ai i ka sardine i ka pō

B. Ka lawaia kai

ʻO ka lawaiʻa kahakai, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā kai kahakai, pili i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā holoholona wai mai ke kai waena a i ka wai pāpaʻu me ka hohonu o ka wai o 40m. ʻAʻole ʻo kēia kai ka ʻāina hānai a momona o nā iʻa waiwai nui, ka ʻōpae a me ka pāpaʻi, akā he wahi ākea ākea. ʻO ka ʻāina lawaiʻa kai ka ʻāina lawaiʻa nui no nā hana lawaiʻa kai o Kina. Ua hāʻawi nui ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana lawaiʻa kai o Kina. I ka manawa like, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāina lawaiʻa paʻakikī loa e mālama. ʻO kāna mea lawaiʻa nui, ʻo ia ka ʻupena gill, purse seine net, trawl, ground net, open up, hoʻomoe ʻupena, heluhelu ʻupena, uhi, pahele, ʻupena lawaiʻa, kākala rake, ipu hao, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe kokoke i nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā hana hana. I ka wā ma mua, i ka hana ʻana i nā kau lawaiʻa nui ma Kina, ua hana ʻia ka nui o nā huahana wai kai ma kēia wahi wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻupena wehe, ka lawaiʻa pā hale a me ka lawaiʻa pahele ma kahakai a me waho, a he helu nui. ʻo nā iʻa waiwai, nā ʻōpae a me nā ʻōhua i hopu ʻia i ka wai pāpaʻu; ʻO nā ʻuʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a waena, nā ʻuʻu kupapaʻu, nā ʻuʻu kuʻi, nā ʻupena o lalo a me nā mea lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe no ka hopu ʻana i nā pūʻulu iʻa lalo a me nā ʻōpae o ke kai; Loaʻa i nā kākalaioa kaʻiʻo kaʻiʻo i ka iʻa a me nā ʻūhā ma ke kai, a ua loaʻa nā hua kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā moku lawaiʻa a me nā mea lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawaiʻa a ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻokele a me ka pale ʻana, ka hopena o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana o nā kumu lawaiʻa kahakai a me waho, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu lawaiʻa lalo, e hana ana i ka emi ʻana o ka lawaiʻa i kēia manawa. waiwai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o nā hana lawaiʻa like ʻole, hoʻoikaika i nā ana mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano lawaiʻa ka hana mua o ka wahi wai.

C. Ka lawaiʻa waho

ʻO ka lawaiʻa kai e pili ana i ka hana lawaiʻa i loko o ka wai i loko o ka pae bathymetric o 40 ~ 100m. He wahi kēia wahi wai no ka neʻe ʻana, ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoilo ʻana o nā iʻa waiwai nui a me nā ʻōpae, a he waiwai hoʻi i nā waiwai lawaiʻa. ʻO nā ʻano lawaiʻa nui, ʻo ia ka trawl lalo, Purse Seine māmā, drift gill net, longline fishing, a pēlā aku. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koi no nā moku lawaiʻa a me nā mea lawaiʻa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā moku lawaiʻa a me nā mea lawaiʻa e hana ana i nā hana lawaiʻa ma mua o nā moku lawaiʻa ma ke kai. Eia nō naʻe, me ka emi ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa ma nā kai kahakai, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lawaiʻa ma kēia kai i nā makahiki i hala. Pēlā nō, ma muli o ka nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ua emi pū ka waiwai lawaiʻa o ke kai. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā hana lawaiʻa, mālama pono a hoʻoikaika i nā hana mālama i ke kai e hoʻomau ai.kukui lawaiʻa pōi kau ʻia ma luna o nā moku lawaiʻa waho i kaupalena ʻia ma kahi o 120.

D. Ka lawaiʻa waho

ʻO ka lawaiʻa waho e pili ana i nā hana hana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā holoholona wai i loko o ke kai hohonu me ka hohonu o 100m isobath, e like me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā wai mai ke Kai Kina Hikina a me ke Kai Kina Hema. Mackerel, SCAD, ginseng a me nā iʻa pelagic ʻē aʻe ma ke kai ma waho o ke Kai Hikina o Kina, a me nā iʻa lalo e like me ka iʻa poʻo pōhaku, cephalopods, pōkole huelo bigeye snapper, square headed fish, Paralichthys olivaceus a me ka wahine kāne make. ʻO nā waiwai lawaiʻa ma waho o ke Kai Kina Hema he waiwai nui, a ʻo nā iʻa pelagic nui he mackerel, xiulei, Zhuying fish, Indian double fin Shao, kino kiʻekiʻe inā SCAD, etc; ʻO ka iʻa nui o lalo, ʻo ia ka iʻa melemele, ka iʻa palupalu, ka iʻa gula, ka ʻili maka nui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka iʻa Oceanic ka tuna, bonito, swordfish, blue marlin (ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka ʻili ʻeleʻele swordfish a me ka marlin ʻeleʻele). Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā manō, nā petals, nā iʻa ʻaʻa, nā cephalopods a me nā crustaceans. ʻO nā ʻano hana nui, ʻo ia ka trawl lalo, ka ʻupena gill, ka lawaiʻa huki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka mamao loa o nā wai o waho mai ka ʻāina, ua kiʻekiʻe nā koi no nā moku lawaiʻa, nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā lako, nui ke kumukūʻai lawaiʻa, a me ka hoʻopuka ʻAʻole nui loa ka waiwai hoʻopuka. No laila, kaohi pololei ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa. Eia naʻe, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pono lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i nā pono a me nā pono moana o Kina, pono mākou e hoʻomohala i ka lawaiʻa ma nā kai o waho, e hoʻohana piha i nā waiwai lawaiʻa kai o waho, e hoʻemi i ke kaomi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa ma nā kai a me nā kai o waho, a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo kulekele a e paipai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lawaiʻa waho.

F. Ka lawaia Pelagic

ʻO ka lawaiʻa mamao, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka lawaiʻa pelagic, e pili ana i nā hana hana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona waiwai i loko o ka moana mamao loa mai ka ʻāina nui o Kina a i ʻole i nā wai ma lalo o ka mana o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻElua mau manaʻo o ka lawaiʻa pelagic: ʻo ka mua, nā hana lawaiʻa ma nā wai pelagic 200 N mile mai ka ʻāina nui o Kina, me nā hana lawaiʻa ma ke kai hohonu a me ke kai kiʻekiʻe me ka hohonu o ka wai ma mua o 200m; ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe ma nā kai kahakai a me nā kai o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana mai ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, a i ʻole ka lawaiʻa transoceanic. ʻOiai ke hana ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa transoceanic pelagic ma nā kai kahakai a me nā kai o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ma waho aʻe o ke kau inoa ʻana i nā ʻaelike lawaiʻa me lākou a me ka uku ʻana i nā ʻauhau lawaiʻa a i ʻole nā ​​uku hoʻohana waiwai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā moku lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā mea hana no nā hana lawaiʻa. . ʻO nā hana lawaiʻa nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawaiʻa hoʻokahi lalo, ʻuʻu papalua lalo, lawaiʻa tuna longline, lawaiʻa hee māmā, etc. Pono nā lawaiʻa moana a me ka lawaiʻa hohonu i nā moku lawaiʻa i hoʻolako pono ʻia a me nā mea lawaiʻa kūpono e hiki ke kū i ka makani ikaika a me nā nalu a me ka hoʻokele mamao. ʻOkoʻa ka waiwai lawaiʻa o kēia mau kai mai kēlā me kēia wahi, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā mea lawaiʻa i hoʻohana ʻia; ʻO nā ʻano lawaiʻa maʻamau, ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa tuna longline, ka lawaiʻa waena waena a me ka trawl lalo, ka puʻu ʻeke tuna, ka lawaiʻa hee māmā, a pēlā aku. a ʻo ka lawaiʻa hee māmā no ka lawaiʻa pelagic mua. I ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka ulu ʻana o nā lawaiʻa Pelagic o Kina, pono e ʻae ʻia nā kulekele kākoʻo no nā lawaiʻa Pelagic i kēia mua aku.

G. Ka lawaia polar

ʻO ka lawaiʻa polar, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka lawaiʻa polar, e pili ana i nā hana hana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona waiwai i loko o ka moana Antarctic a i ʻole Arctic. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano mea i hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa Antarctic ʻo Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), Antarctic cod (Notothenia coriicepas) a me nā iʻa kālā (pleurogramma antarcticum) ʻO ka iʻa o Antarctic krill ka nui loa. I kēia manawa, aia ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Antarctic krill i ka pae mua, me ka nui o ka lawaiʻa o 10000-30000 tons a me kahi wahi hana ma kahi o 60 ° s i loko o nā wai a puni nā mokupuni ʻo Malvinas (Falkland Islands). ʻO ka mana o ka moku lawaiʻa he mau kilowatts, me nā lako hana; ʻO ke ʻano hana he kauo hoʻokahi pae waena; ʻO ka hana o Antarctic krill trawl net he 4-piece a i ʻole 6-Piece. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui loa mai ka ʻupena trawl kuʻuna waena, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻeke o ka ʻeke ʻupena a me ka mesh o ke poʻo o ka ʻeke e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i mea e pale aku ai ka krill mai ka ʻeke. ʻO 20mm ka nui o ka mesh, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻupena ma mua o 100m. Ke hana i ka wai pāpaʻu ma lalo o 200m, ʻo ka hāʻule o ka upena he 0.3m/s, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka trawl (2.5 ± 0.5) kn.

H. Ka lawaia lealea

ʻO ka lawaiʻa leʻaleʻa, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he lawaiʻa ʻoliʻoli, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo "nā lawaiʻa ʻoliʻoli", pili i kēlā me kēia ʻano hana lawaiʻa no ke kumu o ka leʻaleʻa, ʻoliʻoli a me nā haʻuki wai. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa lāʻau a me ka lawaiʻa lima. ʻO kekahi iʻa ma kahakai, a ʻo kekahi iʻa ma nā moku moku kūikawā. He liʻiliʻi kēia ʻano lawaiʻa, e hana mau ʻia ana ma kahakai, nā loko a i ʻole nā ​​loko, akā aia nō ka ʻauʻau a me ka lawaiʻa ma ke kai mamao. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono kumu o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā e like me ka lole, ka meaʻai, ka hale a me ka lawe ʻana, ʻimi pinepine ka poʻe i nā mea kiʻekiʻe a me ka leʻaleʻa ʻuhane. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua lilo ka lawaiʻa i ʻoihana nui a he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina a me ke ola o nā kānaka. Ke ulu nei ka lawaiʻa ma kekahi mau wahi ma Kina.

2. Ma ka lawai'a a me ke ano lawai'a i hoohanaia

Ma muli o nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā ʻano lawaiʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, aia ka lawaiʻa ʻupena, ka lawaiʻa puʻupuʻu, ka lawaiʻa ʻupena, ka lawaiʻa ʻāina, ka lawaiʻa ʻupena, ka lawaiʻa ʻupena, ka lawaiʻa kope ʻupena, ka lawaiʻa uhi, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻupena, ka hana ʻupena a ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka lawaiʻa pepa, ka lawaiʻa lōʻihi, ka lawaiʻa cage, ka lawaiʻa māmā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

3. E like me ka nui o nā moku lawaiʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā ʻano hana

Ma muli o ka nui o nā moku lawaiʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā ʻano hana, aia nā ʻuʻu waʻa hoʻokahi, nā ʻuʻu waʻa pālua, nā ʻuʻu lana, nā ʻuʻu lalo, nā ʻuko waena a me nā ʻuʻu papa wai loli. Hoʻokomo ʻia o 1000w metala halide lawaiʻa kukui hoʻokahi moku Seine lawaiʻa, hoʻokomo o4000w metala halide kukui lawaiʻaka lawaiʻa nui-waʻa Seine, hoʻokomo māmā i ka lawaiʻa Seine (hoʻokomo i ke kukui lawaiʻa LED); Ka lawaiʻa lōʻihi (hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui lawaiʻa waʻa anā kukui lawaiʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo o ka wai), etc.

Lawe ʻia kēia ʻatikala mai ka manaʻo nui o nā mea lawaiʻa ma ke Kai Melemele a me ke Kai Bohai.