Shock! One hour of salt spray testing is equivalent to that in the natural environment

Yawancin lalata kayan ƙarfe yana faruwa ne a cikin yanayi na yanayi, saboda yanayin yana ɗauke da abubuwa masu lalata kamar oxygen da gurɓataccen abu, da kuma abubuwan lalata kamar zafi da canjin yanayi. Lalacewar feshin gishiri yana ɗaya daga cikin lalatawar yanayi da aka fi sani da ɓarna.

Ka'idar gishiri fesa lalata

Lalacewar kayan ƙarfe ta hanyar fesa gishiri yawanci yakan faru ne ta hanyar shigar da maganin gishiri mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfe da halayen electrochemical, samar da tsarin micro-batir na "ƙananan yuwuwar ƙarfe - maganin electrolyte - ƙarancin ƙazanta mai ƙarfi". Canja wurin lantarki yana faruwa, kuma ƙarfe yayin da anode ke narkewa kuma ya samar da sabon fili, wato lalata. Chloride ion yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin lalacewa na lalata gishiri, wanda ke da ƙarfin shiga mai karfi, mai sauƙi don shigar da Layer oxide a cikin karfe, ya lalata yanayin karfe; Hakazalika, sinadarin chloride yana da karancin makamashin ruwa, wanda ke da saukin sanyawa a saman karfen, yana maye gurbin iskar oxygen da ke cikin Layer oxide da ke kare karfe, ta yadda karfen ya lalace.

Hanyoyin gwajin lalatawar gishiri da rarrabuwa
Gwajin fesa gishiri hanya ce mai saurin ƙima ta juriya don yanayin wucin gadi. Yana da wani taro na brine atomized; Sa'an nan kuma fesa a cikin akwatin thermostatic da aka rufe, ta hanyar lura da canjin samfurin da aka gwada da aka sanya a cikin akwatin na wani lokaci don nuna juriya na lalata samfurin da aka gwada, hanya ce ta hanzarin gwaji, ƙwayar gishiri na chloride gishiri yanayin fesa. , amma gabaɗaya yanayin yanayin gishiri yana fesa abun ciki sau da yawa ko sau da yawa, ta yadda ƙimar lalata ta inganta sosai, gwajin feshin gishiri akan samfurin, Lokacin samun sakamako shima an rage sosai.

Gwajin feshin gishiri kafin da bayan

Lokacin lalata samfurin samfur na iya ɗaukar shekara ɗaya ko ma shekaru da yawa lokacin da aka gwada shi a cikin yanayi na halitta, amma ana iya samun irin wannan sakamakon a cikin kwanaki ko ma sa'o'i lokacin da aka gwada shi a cikin yanayin feshin gishiri na wucin gadi.
Gwaje-gwajen feshin gishiri an raba su zuwa nau'i hudu:
① Gwajin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki (NSS)
② Gwajin fesa acetic acid (AASS)
③ Gwajin Acid Acid Accelerated Copper (CASS)
(4) Madadin gwajin feshin gishiri

Kayan aikin gwajin lalatawar gishiri

Kimanta sakamakon gwajin feshin gishiri
Hanyoyin kimanta gwajin feshin gishiri sun haɗa da hanyar ƙididdigewa, hanyar tantance abin da ya faru na lalata da kuma hanyar auna.

01
Hanyar ƙima
Hanyar ƙididdigewa tana raba kaso na yanki na lalata zuwa jimillar yanki zuwa maki da yawa bisa ga wata hanya, kuma tana ɗaukar wani ƙima a matsayin tushen ingantaccen hukunci. Wannan hanya ta dace don kimanta samfuran farantin karfe. Misali, GB/T 6461-2002, ISO 10289-2001, ASTM B537-70(2013), ASTM D1654-2005 duk suna amfani da wannan hanyar don kimanta sakamakon gwajin gishiri.

Ƙimar kariya da ƙimar kamanni

Ana ƙididdige ƙimar RP da RA kamar haka:

Inda: RP shine ƙimar ƙimar kariya; RA shine ƙimar ƙimar bayyanar; A shine adadin ɓarnar ɓangaren ƙarfe na matrix a cikin jimlar yanki lokacin da aka ƙididdige RP; RA shine kashi na ɓarna na ɓangaren kariya a cikin jimlar yanki.

Rarraba mai rufi da kimantawa na zahiri

An bayyana ƙimar kariyar kamar: RA/ -
Misali, idan dan tsatsa ya wuce kashi 1% na saman kuma bai kai kashi 2.5% na saman ba, ana bayyana shi kamar haka: 5/ -

Ana bayyana ƙimar bayyanar kamar: - / RA ƙimar + kimantawa na zahiri + matakin gazawar mai rufi
Misali, idan wurin tabo ya wuce 20%, shine: – /2mA

Ana bayyana ƙimar aikin a matsayin ƙimar RA + kimantawa na zahiri + matakin gazawar mai rufi

Misali, idan babu matrix karfe lalata a cikin samfurin, amma akwai m lalata na anodic rufe Layer kasa da 1% na jimlar yankin, shi ake nuna a matsayin 10/6sC.

Hoton mai rufi tare da mummunan polarity zuwa karfen substrate
02
Hanyar don tantance kasancewar corrodes
Hanyar tantance lalata hanya ce ta ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima, ta dogara ne akan gwajin lalatawar gishiri, ko yanayin lalata samfurin don tantance samfurin. Misali, JB4 159-1999, GJB4.11-1983, GB/T 4288-2003 sun yi amfani da wannan hanyar don tantance sakamakon gwajin gishiri.
Lalata halayyar tebur na kowa electroplating sassa bayan gishiri fesa gwajin

03Hanyar aunawa

Hanyar aunawa hanya ce don kimanta ingancin juriya na samfurin ta hanyar auna yawan samfurin kafin da bayan gwajin lalata da ƙididdige yawan asarar da lalata. Wannan hanya ta dace musamman don kimanta ingancin juriya na lalata wani ƙarfe.

Hanyar ƙididdige ƙimar lalata:

Inda, V shine adadin lalata ƙarfe, g / m2 · h; m0 shine yawan samfurin kafin lalata, g; m1 shine yawan samfurin kafin lalata, g; S shine yanki na samfurin, m2; t shine lokacin lalata samfurin, h.

Abubuwan da ke tasiri na gwajin feshin gishiri
01

Matsakaicin zafi mai mahimmanci don lalata ƙarfe shine kusan 70%. Lokacin da danƙon dangi ya kai ko ya zarce wannan zafi mai mahimmanci, gishirin za a ɗora shi don samar da electrolyte mai kyawu mai kyawu. Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu, ƙaddamarwar maganin gishiri zai ƙaru har sai gishiri crystalline ya haɗe, kuma yawan lalata zai ragu daidai. Yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, motsin kwayoyin yana ƙaruwa kuma yawan lalatawar gishiri mai girma yana ƙaruwa. Hukumar Kula da Kayan Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya ta yi nuni da cewa raguwar lalata tana ƙaruwa da sau 2 ~ 3 kuma ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa da 10 ~ 20% na kowane 10 ℃ haɓakar zafin jiki. Don gwajin fesa gishiri mai tsaka tsaki, ana ɗauka gabaɗaya cewa 35 ℃ shine zafin jiki da ya dace.02
Tattaunawar mafita

Lokacin da maida hankali ya kasance ƙasa da 5%, ƙimar lalata na ƙarfe, nickel da tagulla yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓaka. Lokacin da maida hankali ya fi 5%, yawan lalata na waɗannan karafa yana raguwa tare da karuwa na maida hankali. Wannan shi ne saboda, a cikin ƙananan ƙaddamarwa, abun ciki na oxygen yana ƙaruwa tare da gishiri mai gishiri; Lokacin da gishiri gishiri ya karu zuwa 5%, abun ciki na oxygen ya kai ga daidaitattun dangi, kuma idan gishiri ya ci gaba da karuwa, abun da ke cikin oxygen ya ragu daidai. Tare da raguwar abun ciki na oxygen, ikon depolarization na oxygen kuma yana raguwa, wato, tasirin lalata ya raunana. Don zinc, cadmium, jan karfe da sauran karafa, yawan lalata koyaushe yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka ƙwayar maganin gishiri.03
Wurin sanyawa na samfurin

Hanyar rarrabuwa na feshin gishiri yana kusa da madaidaiciyar hanya. Lokacin da aka sanya samfurin a kwance, wurin tsinkayarsa shine mafi girma, kuma saman samfurin yana ɗaukar mafi yawan gishiri, don haka lalata shine mafi tsanani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa lokacin da farantin karfe ya kasance 45 ° daga layin kwance, asarar nauyin lalata a kowace murabba'in mita shine 250g, kuma lokacin da farantin karfe ya yi daidai da layi na tsaye, asarar nauyi shine 140g kowace murabba'in mita. GB.

04 PH

rage pH, mafi girma da taro na hydrogen ions a cikin bayani, da karin acidic da lalata. Gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki (NSS) ƙimar pH shine 6.5 ~ 7.2. Saboda tasirin abubuwan muhalli, ƙimar pH na maganin gishiri zai canza. Don inganta sake fasalin sakamakon gwajin gishiri na gishiri, an ƙayyade ƙimar pH na maganin gishiri a cikin ma'auni na gwajin gishiri a gida da waje, kuma an ba da shawarar hanyar daidaita darajar pH na maganin gishiri yayin gwajin.

05
Adadin ajiyar gishiri da hanyar fesa

Mafi kyawun barbashi na feshin gishiri, girman wurin da suke samar da shi, da yawan iskar oxygen da suke tallatawa, kuma suna da lalacewa. Mafi bayyanar rashin lahani na hanyoyin feshi na gargajiya, gami da hanyar feshin huhu da kuma hanyar hasumiya, shine rashin daidaituwar ɗigon feshin gishiri da babban diamita na barbashi na feshin gishiri. Hanyoyin fesa daban-daban kuma suna da tasiri akan pH na maganin gishiri.

Ka'idoji masu alaƙa da gwajin feshin gishiri.

Yaya tsawon sa'a guda na feshin gishiri a cikin yanayin yanayi?

Gwajin feshin gishiri ya kasu kashi biyu, ɗayan gwajin faɗuwar yanayin yanayi ne, ɗayan kuma gwajin yanayin yanayin feshin gishiri na wucin gadi ne.

Kwaikwayo na wucin gadi na gwajin muhalli na fesa gishiri shine yin amfani da kayan gwaji tare da wani yanki mai girma - dakin gwajin gishiri, a cikin girman girmansa tare da hanyoyin wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar yanayin feshin gishiri don kimanta juriyar lalata samfurin. Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin yanayi, adadin gishiri na chloride a cikin yanayin fesa gishiri na iya zama sau da yawa ko kuma sau da yawa na abubuwan feshin gishiri a cikin yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya, ta yadda saurin lalata ya inganta sosai, kuma gwajin feshin gishiri a kan. samfurin yana gajarta sosai. Misali, yana iya ɗaukar shekara 1 kafin samfurin samfurin ya lalace a ƙarƙashin fallasa na halitta, yayin da ana iya samun irin wannan sakamakon a cikin sa'o'i 24 a ƙarƙashin yanayin feshin gishiri na wucin gadi.

Gwajin feshin gishirin da aka kwaikwayi na wucin gadi ya haɗa da gwajin feshin gishiri tsaka tsaki, gwajin feshin acetate, gwajin saurin feshin gishiri na jan karfe, madadin gwajin feshin gishiri.

(1) Gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka-tsaki (gwajin NSS) shine ingantacciyar hanyar gwajin lalata tare da farkon bayyanar da filin aikace-aikacen mafi fa'ida. Yana amfani da 5% sodium chloride brine bayani, da bayani pH gyara a cikin tsaka tsaki kewayon (6 ~ 7) a matsayin fesa bayani. An saita zafin gwajin a 35 ℃, kuma ana buƙatar daidaita adadin gishiri ya kasance tsakanin 1 ~ 2ml/80cm².h.

(2) gwajin feshin acetate (gwajin ASS) an haɓaka shi akan gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki. Yana da a ƙara wani glacial acetic acid zuwa 5% sodium chloride bayani, don haka da cewa pH darajar da mafita ta ragu zuwa game da 3, da bayani ya zama acidic, kuma a karshe gishiri fesa yana samuwa daga tsaka tsaki gishiri fesa zuwa acid. Adadin lalata yana da sauri kusan sau uku fiye da gwajin NSS.

(3) Gwajin saurin feshin gishirin jan ƙarfe (gwajin CASS) gwajin lalata gishiri ne mai saurin gaske wanda aka haɓaka kwanan nan a ƙasashen waje. Gwajin zafin jiki shine 50 ℃, kuma ƙaramin adadin gishiri na jan karfe - ana ƙara chloride jan ƙarfe a cikin maganin gishiri don haifar da lalata sosai. Yana lalata kusan sau takwas da sauri fiye da gwajin NSS.

Ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli na gabaɗaya, dabarar jujjuyawar lokaci mai zuwa za a iya koma wa dalla-dalla:
Gwajin feshin gishiri tsaka tsaki na awa 24 na yanayi na shekara 1
Acetate hazo gwajin yanayin yanayi na 24h na shekaru 3
Gwargwadon gishirin jan karfe acetate hazo gwajin yanayin yanayi na 24h na shekaru 8

Saboda haka, bisa la'akari da yanayin Marine, gishiri gishiri, jika da busassun canji, halayen daskarewa, mun yi imanin cewa juriya na lalata kayan kamun kifi a cikin irin wannan yanayi ya kamata ya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku na gwaje-gwaje na al'ada.
Shi ya sa muke bukatar jiragen kamun kifi su samuKarfe halide fitila ballastda capacitors shigar a cikin gida. Mai riƙe fitilar4000w Fishing Light a kan jirginya kamata a rufe shi da wani abu wanda zai iya jure fiye da digiri 230 na ma'aunin celcius. Don tabbatar da cewa fitilun kamun kifi a cikin yin amfani da tsarin, ba zai rasa tasirin rufewa ba, kuma a cikin gishiri mai gishiri, wanda ya haifar da lalata hular fitila, wanda ya haifar da fashewar guntu mai haske.
Sama, aFitilar kamun kifi 4000w mai jan hankali tunawani jirgin kamun kifi ya yi amfani da shi tsawon rabin shekara. Kyaftin ɗin bai ajiye fitilar a busasshiyar wuri ba ko kuma ya duba hatimin fitilar domin yana tsaron tsibirin har tsawon shekara guda. Lokacin da ya sake amfani da fitilar bayan shekara guda, guntuwar fitilar ta fashe

Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-15-2023

Girgiza kai! Sa'a daya na gwajin feshin gishiri daidai yake da na yanayin yanayi